examples:residential_buildings:multi-family_buildings:central_europe:the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany
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| examples:residential_buildings:multi-family_buildings:central_europe:the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany [2023/10/03 12:05] – [The Passive House in Kranichstein] wfeist | examples:residential_buildings:multi-family_buildings:central_europe:the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany [2024/02/08 10:41] (current) – [Conclusion] yaling.hsiao@passiv.de | ||
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| ====== The world’s first Passive House, Darmstadt-Kranichstein, | ====== The world’s first Passive House, Darmstadt-Kranichstein, | ||
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| - | |// | + | |download an {{ : |
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| ===== From the low-energy house to the Passive House ===== | ===== From the low-energy house to the Passive House ===== | ||
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| A subsequent measurement of the airtightness in October 2001, for example, gave **a pressurisation test air change rate (n< | A subsequent measurement of the airtightness in October 2001, for example, gave **a pressurisation test air change rate (n< | ||
| - | [[examples: | + | [[examples: |
| - | [[examples: | + | [[examples: |
| - | [[examples: | + | [[examples: |
| * The hot water is heated using solar vacuum flat collectors (5.3 m² per household or 1.4 m² per person). | * The hot water is heated using solar vacuum flat collectors (5.3 m² per household or 1.4 m² per person). | ||
| - | * Natural gas is used for secondary heating. The flat-collector thermal system covers about 66% of the dhw consumption in the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein. | + | * Natural gas is used for secondary heating. The flat-collector thermal system covers about 66% of the dhw consumption in the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein((a substitution by a heat pumps is easy to do - it is already planned to be done in 2024. The existing gas burner has done its work for more than 30 yrs and would have to be exchanged anyhow.)). |
| * Because the provision of domestic hot water represents the greatest energy requirement of this house, an efficient domestic hot water system is of great importance. The heat distribution and circulation pipes have therefore been placed inside the thermal envelope and are well insulated.\\ | * Because the provision of domestic hot water represents the greatest energy requirement of this house, an efficient domestic hot water system is of great importance. The heat distribution and circulation pipes have therefore been placed inside the thermal envelope and are well insulated.\\ | ||
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| This continuously operating comfort ventilation system provides a constant supply of fresh air to each accommodation unit. | This continuously operating comfort ventilation system provides a constant supply of fresh air to each accommodation unit. | ||
| - | * At the lowest setting, 100 m³/h of fresh air is supplied to the living and sleeping areas in each unit. This means, that with a four person household, the specific quantity of fresh air would amount to 25 m³ per person per hour. The unit then operates constantly at this rate independent of the actual number of people in the building (for the best as shown by experiments with complex ventilation controls that were not worth it). Users can, however, manually change the setting if the choose. | + | * At the lowest setting, 100 m³/h of fresh air is supplied to the living and sleeping areas in each unit. This means, that with a four person household, the specific quantity of fresh air would amount to 25 m³ per person per hour. The unit then operates constantly at this rate independent of the actual number of people in the building (for the best as shown by experiments with complex ventilation controls that were not worth it). Users can, however, manually change the setting if they choose. |
| * At the highest setting, between 160 and 185 m³/h are supplied. | * At the highest setting, between 160 and 185 m³/h are supplied. | ||
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| * electricity consumption of less than 0.4 Wh/m³ transferred air - see the certified units at [[http:// | * electricity consumption of less than 0.4 Wh/m³ transferred air - see the certified units at [[http:// | ||
| - | These ventilators in the Passive House functioned faultlessly for between 13 and 15 years, until they were replaced during the course of routine renovation work by newer products from the same manufacturer.\\ | + | These ventilators in the Passive House functioned faultlessly for between 13 and 15 years, until they were replaced during the course of routine renovation work by newer products from the same manufacturer.\\ \\ |
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| === Airtightness and air quality === | === Airtightness and air quality === | ||
| - | The Passive House in Kranichstein was finished in October 1991 and has been inhabited by four families since then. The interior finish materials were selected to create as little indoor air pollution as possible. The insulating materials are airtightly separated from the interior by continuous interior plaster or vapour retarders without any gaps – as appropriate from a building physics perspective. The good air quality was confirmed by a separate investigation within the context of a social science study, which objectified user acceptance [[examples: | + | The Passive House in Kranichstein was finished in October 1991 and has been inhabited by four families since then. The interior finish materials were selected to create as little indoor air pollution as possible. The insulating materials are airtightly separated from the interior by continuous interior plaster or vapour retarders without any gaps – as appropriate from a building physics perspective. The good air quality was confirmed by a separate investigation within the context of a social science study, which objectified user acceptance [[examples: |
| - | Due to particularly well-insulating and airtight sliding shutters as temporary heat protection, it was even possible to operate one of the accommodation units as a " | + | Due to particularly well-insulating and airtight sliding shutters as temporary heat protection, it was even possible to operate one of the accommodation units as a " |
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| ==== Efficient Use of Electricity in the Passive House in Darmstadt ==== | ==== Efficient Use of Electricity in the Passive House in Darmstadt ==== | ||
| - | The measurements in the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein have confirmed that the electrical consumption for household appliances can be reduced to one third of its current average value with presently available technology. The additional gas consumption for applications which require heating energy amounts to less than 15% [[examples: | + | The measurements in the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein have confirmed that the electrical consumption for household appliances can be reduced to one third of its current average value with presently available technology. The additional gas consumption for applications which require heating energy amounts to less than 15% [[examples: |
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| - | |//**__Fig. 2:__ This is how an end-of-terrace house would be built today, based on the German national regulations (EnEV) (Unfortunately still true in 2020). However, the balance was calculated using the PHPP. The heating | + | |//**__Fig. 2:__ This is how an end-of-terrace house would be built today, based on the German national regulations (EnEV) (Unfortunately still true in 2023). However, the balance was calculated using the PHPP. The heating |
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| ===== Conclusion ===== | ===== Conclusion ===== | ||
| - | It is pleasing that many architects, planners, product developers and property developers have applied the Passive House concept - it's made the path all around planet Earth, there are examples of Passive Houses on each continent (2015). If we can continue together to accelerate its implementation and apply our experiences for the refurbishment of existing buildings as well (what has been done using [[ Certification | + | It is pleasing that many architects, planners, product developers and property developers have applied the Passive House concept - it's made the path all around planet Earth, there are examples of Passive Houses on each continent (2015). If we can continue together to accelerate its implementation and apply our experiences for the refurbishment of existing buildings as well (what has been done using [[:certification: |
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| After 25 yrs of living in the first passive house, the durability of each of the components crucial for the achievements have been checked in a research project. E.g., the U-values of the window glazing have been measured, probes from the roof and the external wall have been taken and analyzed in the laboratory and the thermal envelope was imaged again. All components turned out to be in conditions like new - there was no hint that any of the solutions chosen would not be able to last another 25 yrs [Feist 2020].\\ | After 25 yrs of living in the first passive house, the durability of each of the components crucial for the achievements have been checked in a research project. E.g., the U-values of the window glazing have been measured, probes from the roof and the external wall have been taken and analyzed in the laboratory and the thermal envelope was imaged again. All components turned out to be in conditions like new - there was no hint that any of the solutions chosen would not be able to last another 25 yrs [Feist 2020].\\ | ||
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| - | Scientists, architects, engineers and other contributors from various disciplines played a part in making the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein a success. The author would like to express thanks to all those involved. The preparation of the experimental construction was based on the results of many [[basics: | + | Scientists, architects, engineers and other contributors from various disciplines played a part in making the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein a success. The author would like to express thanks to all those involved. The preparation of the experimental construction was based on the results of many [[:basics: |
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| ===== Literature ===== | ===== Literature ===== | ||
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| **[PHTag 1996]** Tagungsband der 1. Passivhaustagung, | **[PHTag 1996]** Tagungsband der 1. Passivhaustagung, | ||
| - | (**" | + | (**" |
| - | [[https://shop.passivehouse.com/ | + | |
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| **[Peper 2005]** Peper, Sören; Kah, Oliver; Feist, Wolfgang: Zur Dauerhaftigkeit von Luftdichtheitskonzepten bei Passivhäusern - Feldmessungen. | **[Peper 2005]** Peper, Sören; Kah, Oliver; Feist, Wolfgang: Zur Dauerhaftigkeit von Luftdichtheitskonzepten bei Passivhäusern - Feldmessungen. | ||
examples/residential_buildings/multi-family_buildings/central_europe/the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany.1696327502.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/10/03 12:05 by wfeist