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planning:thermal_protection:integrated_thermal_protection

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planning:thermal_protection:integrated_thermal_protection [2017/11/30 17:22] – [U-values] kdreimaneplanning:thermal_protection:integrated_thermal_protection [2018/06/25 11:42] – [See also] cblagojevic
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 -> State of the art vacuum insulation materials allow for very slender, yet highly insulated, building elements.\\ -> State of the art vacuum insulation materials allow for very slender, yet highly insulated, building elements.\\
 -> “Semi-translucent envelopes" are another, somewhat different approach which has also proven to provide efficient insulation for buildings.\\ It directs a certain share of the global radiation inside the insulated construction thereby\\ reducing the temperature differences and achieving a lower equivalent U-value.\\  -> “Semi-translucent envelopes" are another, somewhat different approach which has also proven to provide efficient insulation for buildings.\\ It directs a certain share of the global radiation inside the insulated construction thereby\\ reducing the temperature differences and achieving a lower equivalent U-value.\\ 
-\\+ 
 +---- 
  
  
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 The values for a typical wall of an old building, which is not even poorly insulated, are given in the first row. The occupants will spend about € 644 each year just to compensate for the heat losses through 100 m² of this wall.  Applying insulation according to the Passive House standard, heat losses will decrease by a factor of 10; the annual costs for the energy loss through the external wall are reduced to less than 64 €/year. This means: The values for a typical wall of an old building, which is not even poorly insulated, are given in the first row. The occupants will spend about € 644 each year just to compensate for the heat losses through 100 m² of this wall.  Applying insulation according to the Passive House standard, heat losses will decrease by a factor of 10; the annual costs for the energy loss through the external wall are reduced to less than 64 €/year. This means:
  
-|€ 580 savings in heating costs every year!|+**€ 580 savings in heating costs every year!**
  
 What should be done in order to achieve these savings?  What should be done in order to achieve these savings? 
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   * Measurements in completed Passive Houses have shown that the insulation effect of "thick insulation layers" exactly meets the expectations.  The actual heat losses were just as small as calculated and the houses stayed warm with the minimum heat input stated.  This is proven by thermal images (see below) which reveal clearly elevated temperatures at the interior surfaces of the building.  Highly insulating components, as used in Passive Houses, have significant advantages over standard building envelopes which are usually poorly or moderately insulated.\\   * Measurements in completed Passive Houses have shown that the insulation effect of "thick insulation layers" exactly meets the expectations.  The actual heat losses were just as small as calculated and the houses stayed warm with the minimum heat input stated.  This is proven by thermal images (see below) which reveal clearly elevated temperatures at the interior surfaces of the building.  Highly insulating components, as used in Passive Houses, have significant advantages over standard building envelopes which are usually poorly or moderately insulated.\\
 \\ \\
-> Due to the low heat losses, **interior surface stay at the same pleasant temperature year round** – even without heating surfaces in the components.  As a result, the difference between the radiation temperatures from various directions in the room is small, which is a prerequisite for excellent [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_comfort|comfort]].  The high interior surface temperatures also help **prevent condensation on the surface of the components**.  With normal usage, damage due to moisture build up in external building components can be practically excluded in the Passive House.  This has also been proven in practice. \\ +Due to the low heat losses, **interior surface stay at the same pleasant temperature year round** – even without heating surfaces in the components.  As a result, the difference between the radiation temperatures from various directions in the room is small, which is a prerequisite for excellent [[basics:building_physics_-_basics:thermal_comfort|comfort]].  The high interior surface temperatures also help **prevent condensation on the surface of the components**.  With normal usage, damage due to moisture build up in external building components can be practically excluded in the Passive House.  This has also been proven in practice. \\ 
-\\ + 
-|   {{ :picopen:thermo_ext_wall_passive_house_en.png }}   | +[{{ :picopen:thermo_ext_wall_passive_house_en.png| **Thermography (infrared image) of the base point of a Passive House taken at the inside of an external wall. Average surface temperature approx. 20°C Minimum temperature at the edge 19°C**}}] 
-|//**Thermography (infrared image) of the base point of a\\  + 
-Passive House taken at the inside of an external wall\\ + 
-Average surface temperature approx. 20°C\\  +In warmer climates or during summer months the interior surface temperature is also close to the indoor air temperature which means that it is lower than that of poorly insulated components which allow heat to be transported from the outside towards the inside. Highly insulated constructions have a **high temperature amplitude attenuation** reducing the temperature fluctuation of external building components, even with very small masses (e.g. double plaster board).  This effect is so great that it provides for **optimal “summer behaviour” of the component**.  What is even more important though is the long time constant of the building due to the good insulation, which allows for the full utilisation of the thermally connected inner building mass.  As a result, a Passive House in Central Europe can be cooled by night-ventilation and will stay pleasantly cool throughout the day, provided that solar radiation is limited to a reasonable extent.  The "summer case" should be just as well-planned as the winter situation: the [[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package|Passive House Planning Package (PHPP)]] is an excellent tool for this purpose.\\ 
-Minimum temperature at the edge 19°C** + 
-//|\\ +To a certain extent, highly insulated components mitigate any **remaining thermal bridges** compared with moderately insulated components – this is particularly important in [[planning:refurbishment_with_passive_house_components:thermal_envelope:minimising_thermal_bridges|refurbishments]].  Although people tend to believe it must be the other way round, this has been proven to be true in numerous cases and can be explained quite simply:  In highly insulated buildings the supporting structures and the inner component layer are protected by thick layers of insulation and stay evenly warm in continuous areas.  As a result, they aren’t even affected by minor thermal bridges. In poorly insulated constructions on the other hand, great parts of the structure are already cold. Additional thermal bridges quickly cause temperatures to fall below the dew point. Nevertheless, thermal bridges do cause additional heat losses in Passive Houses too. That is why, in spite of the large error margin, we recommend that thermal bridges be reduced to a minimum when designing a Passive House. 
-\\ + 
-> In warmer climates or during summer months the interior surface temperature is also close to the indoor air temperature which means that it is lower than that of poorly insulated components which allow heat to be transported from the outside towards the inside. Highly insulated constructions have a **high temperature amplitude attenuation** reducing the temperature fluctuation of external building components, even with very small masses (e.g. double plaster board).  This effect is so great that it provides for **optimal “summer behaviour” of the component**.  What is even more important though is the long time constant of the building due to the good insulation, which allows for the full utilisation of the thermally connected inner building mass.  As a result, a Passive House in Central Europe can be cooled by night-ventilation and will stay pleasantly cool throughout the day, provided that solar radiation is limited to a reasonable extent.  The "summer case" should be just as well-planned as the winter situation: the [[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package|Passive House Planning Package (PHPP)]] is an excellent tool for this purpose.\\ + 
-\\ +----
-> To a certain extent, highly insulated components mitigate any **remaining thermal bridges** compared with moderately insulated components – this is particularly important in [[planning:refurbishment_with_passive_house_components:thermal_envelope:minimising_thermal_bridges|refurbishments]].  Although people tend to believe it must be the other way round, this has been proven to be true in numerous cases and can be explained quite simply:  In highly insulated buildings the supporting structures and the inner component layer are protected by thick layers of insulation and stay evenly warm in continuous areas.  As a result, they aren’t even affected by minor thermal bridges. In poorly insulated constructions on the other hand, great parts of the structure are already cold. Additional thermal bridges quickly cause temperatures to fall below the dew point. Nevertheless, thermal bridges do cause additional heat losses in Passive Houses too. That is why, in spite of the large error margin, we recommend that thermal bridges be reduced to a minimum when designing a Passive House.+
  
 ===== See also ===== ===== See also =====
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 [[planning:thermal_protection:don_t_save_on_the_insulation|]] [[planning:thermal_protection:don_t_save_on_the_insulation|]]
  
-[[planning:thermal_protection:windows:requirements_for_windows:required_u-values_for_passive_house_windows|Required U-values for Passive House windows]]+[[planning:thermal_protection:windows:requirements_for_windows:required_u-values_for_passive_house_windows|Required U-values for Passive House windows]]  {{:picopen:members_only.png?25|}}
  
 [[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:u-values|PHPP - The overall heat transfer coefficient or U-value]] [[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:u-values|PHPP - The overall heat transfer coefficient or U-value]]
  
-[[planning:refurbishment with Passive House components:thermal envelope:Insulation measures for the external envelope]]+[[planning:refurbishment with Passive House components:thermal envelope:Insulation measures for the external envelope]]  {{:picopen:members_only.png?25}}
  
 [[basics:passive_houses_in_different_climates:passive_houses_in_cold_climates:frost-free_foundations|]] [[basics:passive_houses_in_different_climates:passive_houses_in_cold_climates:frost-free_foundations|]]
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 [[basics:passive_houses_in_different_climates:passive_house_in_tropical_climates:interior_insulation_in_tropical_climates|]] [[basics:passive_houses_in_different_climates:passive_house_in_tropical_climates:interior_insulation_in_tropical_climates|]]
  
-[[phi_publications:Nr.48 Heat losses towards the ground|Heat losses towards the ground]]+[[phi_publications:Nr.48 Heat losses towards the ground|Heat losses towards the ground]]  {{:picopen:members_only.png?25}}
 ===== Multimedia ===== ===== Multimedia =====
  
 [[http://www.passivehouse-international.org/index.php?page_id=181#insulationandairtightness|Video on insulation and airtightness]] [[http://www.passivehouse-international.org/index.php?page_id=181#insulationandairtightness|Video on insulation and airtightness]]
planning/thermal_protection/integrated_thermal_protection.txt · Last modified: 2021/06/11 15:28 by nsukhija