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planning:refurbishment_with_passive_house_components:airtightness:step-by-step_retrofit_-_airtightness_concept

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planning:refurbishment_with_passive_house_components:airtightness:step-by-step_retrofit_-_airtightness_concept [2015/06/15 12:45] – kdreimaneplanning:refurbishment_with_passive_house_components:airtightness:step-by-step_retrofit_-_airtightness_concept [2015/08/04 18:05] (current) – kdreimane
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 ====== Step-by-step retrofit: Airtightness concept ====== ====== Step-by-step retrofit: Airtightness concept ======
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 **Author: Soeren Peper**  **Author: Soeren Peper** 
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 For the Tevesstrasse project in Frankfurt am Main (multi-storey building with a total of 53 apartments), which was refurbished using Passive House components, a comparison of the airtightness values measured before and after the modernisation measures demonstrated the effectiveness of the concept developed at an early stage and its successful implementation. Comparison of the airtightness values in Figure 1 shows an improvement by a factor of 10: the average value of 4.4 has been reduced to 0.46 h<sup>-1</sup>. This illustrates the huge progress made in the area of the airtight envelope in these buildings. In this refurbishment, besides the systematic improvement of the building envelope, this was in part due to the fact that there were no longer any air vents in the kitchens, which have previously been used for supplying air to the coal burning stoves. For the Tevesstrasse project in Frankfurt am Main (multi-storey building with a total of 53 apartments), which was refurbished using Passive House components, a comparison of the airtightness values measured before and after the modernisation measures demonstrated the effectiveness of the concept developed at an early stage and its successful implementation. Comparison of the airtightness values in Figure 1 shows an improvement by a factor of 10: the average value of 4.4 has been reduced to 0.46 h<sup>-1</sup>. This illustrates the huge progress made in the area of the airtight envelope in these buildings. In this refurbishment, besides the systematic improvement of the building envelope, this was in part due to the fact that there were no longer any air vents in the kitchens, which have previously been used for supplying air to the coal burning stoves.
  
-[{{ :picopen:comparison_of_measured_values_for_airtightness.png?700 |Figure 1: Comparison of measured values for airtightness in the 10 entrance stairways before and after the refurbishment of the buildings in Tevesstrasse in Frankfurt a.M. [Kaufmann et al. 2009]}}]+[{{ :picopen:comparison_of_measured_values_for_airtightness.png  |Figure 1: Comparison of measured values for airtightness in the 10 entrance stairways before and after the refurbishment of the buildings in Tevesstrasse in Frankfurt a.M. [Kaufmann et al. 2009]}}]
  
 The importance of developing a concept for airtightness at an early stage of step-by-step modernisation will be explained here using an example.  The importance of developing a concept for airtightness at an early stage of step-by-step modernisation will be explained here using an example. 
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 The detached house in Zellingen near Würzburg (Bavaria) was built in 1959. The size of the heated living area is 126 m². The first modernisation step took place in 1999 with extensive refurbishment of the roof, window replacement, and renovation of the bathrooms and flooring. Among other things, insulation on rafters was implemented using aluminium-coated insulation panels and the roof covering was renewed. The original windows were replaced with double glazed PVC windows. The next step of the modernisation was carried out in 2014 with extensive insulation of the building (EIFS) and the installation of a solar thermal system and a ventilation system with heat recovery. The third step of the modernisation will take place in the next few years with the substitution of the windows with products of a high thermal quality. The renewal of the windows has already been taken into account currently by affixing a wooden construction around the windows, into which the new windows will be mounted in the centre of the insulation layer in an optimal way without damaging the thermal insulation. The detached house in Zellingen near Würzburg (Bavaria) was built in 1959. The size of the heated living area is 126 m². The first modernisation step took place in 1999 with extensive refurbishment of the roof, window replacement, and renovation of the bathrooms and flooring. Among other things, insulation on rafters was implemented using aluminium-coated insulation panels and the roof covering was renewed. The original windows were replaced with double glazed PVC windows. The next step of the modernisation was carried out in 2014 with extensive insulation of the building (EIFS) and the installation of a solar thermal system and a ventilation system with heat recovery. The third step of the modernisation will take place in the next few years with the substitution of the windows with products of a high thermal quality. The renewal of the windows has already been taken into account currently by affixing a wooden construction around the windows, into which the new windows will be mounted in the centre of the insulation layer in an optimal way without damaging the thermal insulation.
  
-[{{ :playground:playground:ttt:modernised_detached_house_in_zellingen.png?700 |Figure 2: Modernised detached house in Zellingen near Würzburg (Bavaria), with a renewed roof (left) and after a further modernisation step (right). Photos © Passive House Institute}}]  +[{{ :picopen:modernised_detached_house_in_zellingen.png?700 |Figure 2: Modernised detached house in Zellingen near Würzburg (Bavaria), with a renewed roof (left) and after a further modernisation step (right). Photos © Passive House Institute}}]  
 The roof area of the building was timber-cladded on the inside. This was also the reason why the decision for insulation on the roof was made for the roof renewal in 1999. This measure could be carried out completely from the outside without any problems. A concept for airtightness was not developed at the time, and the subject of airtightness was not considered any further. The aluminium-coated insulation panels were laid using a tongue-and-groove system without any other airtight sealing between these. Since airtightness was not tested after the installation, the issue of the lack of sealing could not be addressed. The roof area of the building was timber-cladded on the inside. This was also the reason why the decision for insulation on the roof was made for the roof renewal in 1999. This measure could be carried out completely from the outside without any problems. A concept for airtightness was not developed at the time, and the subject of airtightness was not considered any further. The aluminium-coated insulation panels were laid using a tongue-and-groove system without any other airtight sealing between these. Since airtightness was not tested after the installation, the issue of the lack of sealing could not be addressed.
 [{{ :picopen:the_aluminium-coated_insulation.png?700 |Figure 3: Roof area with the existing timber cladding (left). The aluminium-coated insulation panels can be seen after the removal of the cladding (right). Photos © Passive House Institute}}] [{{ :picopen:the_aluminium-coated_insulation.png?700 |Figure 3: Roof area with the existing timber cladding (left). The aluminium-coated insulation panels can be seen after the removal of the cladding (right). Photos © Passive House Institute}}]
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 [{{ :picopen:the_end_of_another_shaft_in_the_basement.png?700 |Figure 11: The end of another shaft in the basement through which water and drainage pipes as well as cables were routed. The construction foam (light yellow) was used here not for sealing but rather as the lower limit for the poured plaster. Photos © Passive House Institute }}] [{{ :picopen:the_end_of_another_shaft_in_the_basement.png?700 |Figure 11: The end of another shaft in the basement through which water and drainage pipes as well as cables were routed. The construction foam (light yellow) was used here not for sealing but rather as the lower limit for the poured plaster. Photos © Passive House Institute }}]
 A typical problem arising during modernisation is the lack of clarity regarding the course of the airtight layer. In a rough concept the "pencil rule" principle must be applied, in which the uninterrupted airtight layer is clearly specified by the architect in all cross sections (Figure 12). In the ensuing detailed planning, detailed solutions with information about the materials used must be prepared for all transitions and connections. Only in this way will it be possible to ensure that solutions exist and that craftpersons are given clear instructions for executing the work. A typical problem arising during modernisation is the lack of clarity regarding the course of the airtight layer. In a rough concept the "pencil rule" principle must be applied, in which the uninterrupted airtight layer is clearly specified by the architect in all cross sections (Figure 12). In the ensuing detailed planning, detailed solutions with information about the materials used must be prepared for all transitions and connections. Only in this way will it be possible to ensure that solutions exist and that craftpersons are given clear instructions for executing the work.
-[{{:picopen:the_pencil_rule.png?700 |Figure 12: The "pencil rule" is used to specify clearly the position of the airtight layer (in red here) in the cross-sections of the building. The appropriate materials for each transition must be indicated in the detailed planning (according to Peper/Feist/Sariri1999]).}}]+[{{ :picopen:the_pencil_rule.png?700 |Figure 12: The "pencil rule" is used to specify clearly the position of the airtight layer (in red here) in the cross-sections of the building. The appropriate materials for each transition must be indicated in the detailed planning (according to Peper/Feist/Sariri1999]).}}]
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 ==== Airtightness measurements ==== ==== Airtightness measurements ====
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 Using this example case and the results of the airtightness measurements and leak detection, the need for a comprehensive concept for airtightness is clearly evident.  This must be prepared at the start, before any of the modernisation measures. For this, it is necessary to have a detailed record of the current state of all relevant points, and the exact position of the airtight layer must then be specified in the concept (sketch). Finally a solution must be developed for all connections and transitions, using a detail drawing if necessary, and the materials to be used for these points and connections must be specified. Using this example case and the results of the airtightness measurements and leak detection, the need for a comprehensive concept for airtightness is clearly evident.  This must be prepared at the start, before any of the modernisation measures. For this, it is necessary to have a detailed record of the current state of all relevant points, and the exact position of the airtight layer must then be specified in the concept (sketch). Finally a solution must be developed for all connections and transitions, using a detail drawing if necessary, and the materials to be used for these points and connections must be specified.
  
-{{ :picopen:procedure_for_implementing.png |Figure 14: Procedure for implementing a successful airtightness concept in modernisation projects. Photo © Passive House Institute }}+[{{ :picopen:procedure_for_implementing.png |Figure 14: Procedure for implementing a successful airtightness concept in modernisation projects. Photo © Passive House Institute }}]
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 ==== Literature ==== ==== Literature ====
  
-|[Feist/Peper 2005]|Feist, W; Peper, S.: 3-D-Luftdichtheitsan-schlüsse. (3-D Airtight connections) Passive House Institute, Darmstadt, 2005. Not published.| +|[Feist/Peper 2005]|Feist, W; Peper, S.: 3-D-Luftdichte Anschlüsse. (3-D Airtight Connections) Passive House Institute, Darmstadt, 2005. Not published.| 
-|[Kaufmann et al. 2009]|Berthold Kaufmann; Søren Peper; Rainer Pfluger; Wolfgang Feist: Sanierung mit Passivhaus-komponenten, Planungsbegleitende Beratung und Qualitätssicherung Tevesstraße Frankfurt a.M., Bericht im Auftrag des Hessischen Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung, Wiesbaden, Passivhaus Institut, Darmstadt, 2009. Download unter: www.passiv.de\\ //Refurbishment using Passive House components, consultation during planning and quality assurance for the Tevesstrasse Project in Frankfurt, Report commissioned by the Ministry of Economy, Transport and Regional Development of the German State of Hesse, Wiesbaden, Passive house Institute, Darmstadt 2009//|+|[Kaufmann et al. 2009]|Berthold Kaufmann; Søren Peper; Rainer Pfluger; Wolfgang Feist: Sanierung mit Passivhaus-Komponenten, Planungsbegleitende Beratung und Qualitätssicherung Tevesstraße Frankfurt a.M., Bericht im Auftrag des Hessischen Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Landesentwicklung, Wiesbaden, Passivhaus Institut, Darmstadt, 2009. Download unter: www.passiv.de\\ //Refurbishment using Passive House components, consultation during planning and quality assurance for the Tevesstrasse Project in Frankfurt, Report commissioned by the Ministry of Economy, Transport and Regional Development of the German State of Hessen, Wiesbaden, Passive house Institute, Darmstadt 2009//|
 |[Peper/Feist/Sariri 1999]|Peper, S., Feist, W.: Luftdichte Projektierung von Passivhäusern, CEPHEUS-Projektinformation Nr. 7, Passivhaus Institut, Darmstadt, 1999; Fachinformation PHI-1999/6, 10. Auflage Oktober 2009.\\ //Airtight planning of Passive Houses, CEPHEUS Project Information No. 7, Passive House Institute, Darmstadt 1999; Technical Information PHI-1999/6, 10th edition, October 2009//| |[Peper/Feist/Sariri 1999]|Peper, S., Feist, W.: Luftdichte Projektierung von Passivhäusern, CEPHEUS-Projektinformation Nr. 7, Passivhaus Institut, Darmstadt, 1999; Fachinformation PHI-1999/6, 10. Auflage Oktober 2009.\\ //Airtight planning of Passive Houses, CEPHEUS Project Information No. 7, Passive House Institute, Darmstadt 1999; Technical Information PHI-1999/6, 10th edition, October 2009//|
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planning/refurbishment_with_passive_house_components/airtightness/step-by-step_retrofit_-_airtightness_concept.txt · Last modified: 2015/08/04 18:05 by kdreimane