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--- planning:non-residential_passive_house_buildings:laboratories [2022/06/07 16:43] – [Good daylighting] wolfgang.hasper@passiv.de
+++ planning:non-residential_passive_house_buildings:laboratories [2022/06/07 16:54] (current) – [Wastewater disinfection] wolfgang.hasper@passiv.de
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 Keep in mind, that all heat recovery systems will have a lower limit for the flow they can handle with good heat recovery rate. Beyond that the flow regime will change to laminar and the heat recovery may plummet. Therefore, if the scale of possible flow scenarios is very wide, a combination of smaller MVHR units may have to be cascaded. The same holds for exhaust air heat pump systems and their compressors.
-Flow controllers should network with the MVHR unit for fan control to avoid the inferior //constant duct pressure// regime for increased efficiency.
+Flow controllers should network with the MVHR unit for fan control in order to avoid the inferior //constant duct pressure// regime for increased efficiency.
 ==== Ducts ====
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 High air flows offer a high potential to meet comparatively high loads by ventilation air alone. A good fabric will keep the heating load low enough to be manageable with air flows typical for office-like use, but higher loads, particularly in the summer, can be handled by the plant that will usually be designed for higher intensity ventilation.
-For example, at 8 ACH (as is typical for many lab scenarios) 50 W/m² can be handled by ventilation air alone with a temperature difference of only 6K. This is very heat-pump friendly and facilitates an all-electric building based on renewable energy- which in turn results in a favourable [[https://passipedia.org/playground/per_landing_page|PER]] rating.
+For example, at 8 ACH (as is typical for many lab scenarios) 50 W/m² can be handled by ventilation air alone with a temperature difference of only 6K. This is very heat-pump friendly and facilitates an all-electric building based on renewable energy- which in turn results in a favourable [[https://passipedia.org/basics/energy_and_ecology/primary_energy_renewable_per|PER]] rating.
 If an exhaust-air heat pump is all it takes for heating and cooling of the space this has a potential for a simple, compact and affordable plant with minimal maintenance. It may take a learning curve for the market though, to supply such systems in a preconfigured, almost off the shelf way as is now (2022) common for boilers and their auxiliaries.
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 ===== Dehumidification =====
-In humid areas where dehumidification is required but no ERV is possible due to hazardous extract air, a very efficient dehumidification system for large air flow must be devised. This will- and can without hygienic issues- employ the most efficient heat recovery to reheat the dehumidified air with the heat from the incoming, moist air. The condenser of the dehumidifier in the exhaust air path can be operated in wet mode, after filtering and UV disinfection of the condensed water.
+In humid areas where dehumidification is required but no ERV is possible due to hazardous extract air, a very efficient dehumidification system for large air flow must be devised. This will- and can without hygienic issues- employ the most efficient heat recovery to reheat the dehumidified air with the heat from the incoming, moist air. The condenser of the dehumidifier heat pump in the exhaust air path can be operated in wet mode, after filtering and UV disinfection of the condensed water.
 ===== Wastewater disinfection =====
-Some biological laboratories may require thermal disinfection of waste water. In a conventional system the water’s high thermal capacity will cause a very high energy demand, and commercial systems already feature some form of heat recovery. However, for disinfection only a high level of temperature is required, not heat. If the heat recovery is sophisticated enough to achieve a high heat recovery rate and heats up the input water with the heat of the water that is simultaneously displaced from the tank and if the system is well insulated, then only a minimal heat loss needs to be covered. A high-temperature heat pump can do the job and transfer heat from the run-off back to the tank.
+Some biological laboratories may require thermal disinfection of waste water. In a conventional system the water’s high thermal capacity will cause a very high energy demand, and commercial systems already feature some form of heat recovery. However, for disinfection only a high level of temperature is required, not heat. If the heat recovery is sophisticated enough to achieve a high heat recovery rate and heats up the incoming water with the heat of the water that is simultaneously displaced from the tank and if the system is well insulated, then only a minimal heat loss needs to be covered. A high-temperature heat pump can do the job and transfer heat from the run-off back to the tank.
 As commercial units may not be satisfactory, trigger the work on a bespoke system early on. [[planning:non-residential_passive_house_buildings:swimming_pools:energy_efficiency_in_public_indoor_swimming_pools|Indoor swimming pool technology]] has come a long way in heat recovery from waste water in recent years and may offer interesting solutions.