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--- planning:non-residential_passive_house_buildings:laboratories [2022/05/31 14:14] – [Large scale: LfL Nossen] wolfgang.hasper@passiv.de
+++ planning:non-residential_passive_house_buildings:laboratories [2022/06/07 16:54] (current) – [Wastewater disinfection] wolfgang.hasper@passiv.de
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 Laboratories and offices share some other aspects, such as the importance of lighting. The design should balance good daylighting with limiting solar loads in the summer, which will result in moderate openings around 40% of the facade, with external movable shading that still allows daylight in. In many cases this will mean some sort of venetian blinds with daylight-transporting horizontal slats in the top part. Ideally the window openings will have no lintel to allow light to the depth of the room, but a parapet, where glazing will not contribute to daylighting. As glazing is usually the most expensive part of the building fabric this will also optimise building cost. An internal glare screen can help ensure visual comfort for screen work in the winter, when exterior shading is not desired.
-Daylight will be complemented with highly efficient, LED lighting with illuminance and presence control. A qualified lighting design will ensure an optimised solution with installed power of less than 1.5 W/(m²*100lx).
+Daylight will be complemented with highly efficient, LED lighting with illuminance and presence control. A qualified lighting design will ensure an optimised solution with installed power of less than 1.5 W/(m²*100lx) that limits the high illuminance to the actual workspace.
 ===== Airtightness and MVHR =====
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 Keep in mind, that all heat recovery systems will have a lower limit for the flow they can handle with good heat recovery rate. Beyond that the flow regime will change to laminar and the heat recovery may plummet. Therefore, if the scale of possible flow scenarios is very wide, a combination of smaller MVHR units may have to be cascaded. The same holds for exhaust air heat pump systems and their compressors.
-Flow controllers should network with the MVHR unit for fan control to avoid the inferior //constant duct pressure// regime for increased efficiency.
+Flow controllers should network with the MVHR unit for fan control in order to avoid the inferior //constant duct pressure// regime for increased efficiency.
 ==== Ducts ====
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 High air flows offer a high potential to meet comparatively high loads by ventilation air alone. A good fabric will keep the heating load low enough to be manageable with air flows typical for office-like use, but higher loads, particularly in the summer, can be handled by the plant that will usually be designed for higher intensity ventilation.
-For example, at 8 ACH (as is typical for many lab scenarios) 50 W/m² can be handled by ventilation air alone with a temperature difference of only 6K. This is very heat-pump friendly and facilitates an all-electric building based on renewable energy- which in turn results in a favourable [[https://passipedia.org/playground/per_landing_page|PER]] rating.
+For example, at 8 ACH (as is typical for many lab scenarios) 50 W/m² can be handled by ventilation air alone with a temperature difference of only 6K. This is very heat-pump friendly and facilitates an all-electric building based on renewable energy- which in turn results in a favourable [[https://passipedia.org/basics/energy_and_ecology/primary_energy_renewable_per|PER]] rating.
 If an exhaust-air heat pump is all it takes for heating and cooling of the space this has a potential for a simple, compact and affordable plant with minimal maintenance. It may take a learning curve for the market though, to supply such systems in a preconfigured, almost off the shelf way as is now (2022) common for boilers and their auxiliaries.
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 ===== Dehumidification =====
-In humid areas where dehumidification is required but no ERV is possible due to hazardous extract air, a very efficient dehumidification system for large air flow must be devised. This will- and can without hygienic issues- employ the most efficient heat recovery to reheat the dehumidified air with the heat from the incoming, moist air. The condenser of the dehumidifier in the exhaust air path can be operated in wet mode, after filtering and UV disinfection of the condensed water.
+In humid areas where dehumidification is required but no ERV is possible due to hazardous extract air, a very efficient dehumidification system for large air flow must be devised. This will- and can without hygienic issues- employ the most efficient heat recovery to reheat the dehumidified air with the heat from the incoming, moist air. The condenser of the dehumidifier heat pump in the exhaust air path can be operated in wet mode, after filtering and UV disinfection of the condensed water.
 ===== Wastewater disinfection =====
-Some biological laboratories may require thermal disinfection of waste water. In a conventional system the water’s high thermal capacity will cause a very high energy demand, and commercial systems already feature some form of heat recovery. However, for disinfection only a high level of temperature is required, not heat. If the heat recovery is sophisticated enough to achieve a high heat recovery rate and heats up the input water with the heat of the water that is simultaneously displaced from the tank and if the system is well insulated, then only a minimal heat loss needs to be covered. A high-temperature heat pump can do the job and transfer heat from the run-off back to the tank.
+Some biological laboratories may require thermal disinfection of waste water. In a conventional system the water’s high thermal capacity will cause a very high energy demand, and commercial systems already feature some form of heat recovery. However, for disinfection only a high level of temperature is required, not heat. If the heat recovery is sophisticated enough to achieve a high heat recovery rate and heats up the incoming water with the heat of the water that is simultaneously displaced from the tank and if the system is well insulated, then only a minimal heat loss needs to be covered. A high-temperature heat pump can do the job and transfer heat from the run-off back to the tank.
 As commercial units may not be satisfactory, trigger the work on a bespoke system early on. [[planning:non-residential_passive_house_buildings:swimming_pools:energy_efficiency_in_public_indoor_swimming_pools|Indoor swimming pool technology]] has come a long way in heat recovery from waste water in recent years and may offer interesting solutions.