planning:non-residential_passive_house_buildings:laboratories
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planning:non-residential_passive_house_buildings:laboratories [2022/05/31 13:54] – [The fabric will last longest] wolfgang.hasper@passiv.de | planning:non-residential_passive_house_buildings:laboratories [2022/06/07 16:53] – [Dehumidification] wolfgang.hasper@passiv.de | ||
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Given the high share of investment in building services systems for a laboratory building, the marginal extra spending on improved fabric quality is not very significant. Given the long-term flexibility it provides for the usage of the building it might be considered a no-regret measure. | Given the high share of investment in building services systems for a laboratory building, the marginal extra spending on improved fabric quality is not very significant. Given the long-term flexibility it provides for the usage of the building it might be considered a no-regret measure. | ||
- | Well-accessible thermal mass can be beneficial, particularly when internal heat gains fluctuate considerably. Acoustics measures to control the reverberation period should leave the concrete slab exposed, which suggests suspended baffles. For daylighting reasons these should be perpendicular to the façade. | + | Well-accessible thermal mass can be beneficial, particularly when internal heat gains fluctuate considerably. Acoustics measures to control the reverberation period should leave the concrete slab exposed, which suggests suspended baffles. For daylighting reasons these should be oriented |
===== Good daylighting ===== | ===== Good daylighting ===== | ||
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Laboratories and offices share some other aspects, such as the importance of lighting. The design should balance good daylighting with limiting solar loads in the summer, which will result in moderate openings around 40% of the facade, with external movable shading that still allows daylight in. In many cases this will mean some sort of venetian blinds with daylight-transporting horizontal slats in the top part. Ideally the window openings will have no lintel to allow light to the depth of the room, but a parapet, where glazing will not contribute to daylighting. As glazing is usually the most expensive part of the building fabric this will also optimise building cost. An internal glare screen can help ensure visual comfort for screen work in the winter, when exterior shading is not desired. | Laboratories and offices share some other aspects, such as the importance of lighting. The design should balance good daylighting with limiting solar loads in the summer, which will result in moderate openings around 40% of the facade, with external movable shading that still allows daylight in. In many cases this will mean some sort of venetian blinds with daylight-transporting horizontal slats in the top part. Ideally the window openings will have no lintel to allow light to the depth of the room, but a parapet, where glazing will not contribute to daylighting. As glazing is usually the most expensive part of the building fabric this will also optimise building cost. An internal glare screen can help ensure visual comfort for screen work in the winter, when exterior shading is not desired. | ||
- | Daylight will be complemented with highly efficient, LED lighting with illuminance and presence control. A qualified lighting design will ensure an optimised solution with installed power of less than 1.5 W/ | + | Daylight will be complemented with highly efficient, LED lighting with illuminance and presence control. A qualified lighting design will ensure an optimised solution with installed power of less than 1.5 W/ |
===== Airtightness and MVHR ===== | ===== Airtightness and MVHR ===== | ||
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Keep in mind, that all heat recovery systems will have a lower limit for the flow they can handle with good heat recovery rate. Beyond that the flow regime will change to laminar and the heat recovery may plummet. Therefore, if the scale of possible flow scenarios is very wide, a combination of smaller MVHR units may have to be cascaded. The same holds for exhaust air heat pump systems and their compressors. | Keep in mind, that all heat recovery systems will have a lower limit for the flow they can handle with good heat recovery rate. Beyond that the flow regime will change to laminar and the heat recovery may plummet. Therefore, if the scale of possible flow scenarios is very wide, a combination of smaller MVHR units may have to be cascaded. The same holds for exhaust air heat pump systems and their compressors. | ||
- | Flow controllers should network with the MVHR unit for fan control to avoid the inferior constant duct pressure regime for increased efficiency. | + | Flow controllers should network with the MVHR unit for fan control |
==== Ducts ==== | ==== Ducts ==== | ||
- | All ducts require a large cross-section in order to limit air speed/ | + | All ducts require a large cross-section in order to limit air speed/ |
===== Load handling ===== | ===== Load handling ===== | ||
High air flows offer a high potential to meet comparatively high loads by ventilation air alone. A good fabric will keep the heating load low enough to be manageable with air flows typical for office-like use, but higher loads, particularly in the summer, can be handled by the plant that will usually be designed for higher intensity ventilation. | High air flows offer a high potential to meet comparatively high loads by ventilation air alone. A good fabric will keep the heating load low enough to be manageable with air flows typical for office-like use, but higher loads, particularly in the summer, can be handled by the plant that will usually be designed for higher intensity ventilation. | ||
- | For example, at 8 ACH (as is typical for many lab scenarios) 50 W/m² can be handled by ventilation air alone with a temperature difference of only 6K. This is very heat-pump friendly and facilitates an all-electric building based on renewable energy- which in turn results in a favourable [[https:// | + | For example, at 8 ACH (as is typical for many lab scenarios) 50 W/m² can be handled by ventilation air alone with a temperature difference of only 6K. This is very heat-pump friendly and facilitates an all-electric building based on renewable energy- which in turn results in a favourable [[https:// |
If an exhaust-air heat pump is all it takes for heating and cooling of the space this has a potential for a simple, compact and affordable plant with minimal maintenance. It may take a learning curve for the market though, to supply such systems in a preconfigured, | If an exhaust-air heat pump is all it takes for heating and cooling of the space this has a potential for a simple, compact and affordable plant with minimal maintenance. It may take a learning curve for the market though, to supply such systems in a preconfigured, | ||
- | While all load handling should be possible by ventilation air alone in most instances, it can be a consideration to also employ [[phi_publications: | + | While all load handling should be possible by ventilation air alone in most instances, it can be a consideration to also employ [[phi_publications: |
===== Dehumidification ===== | ===== Dehumidification ===== | ||
- | In humid areas where dehumidification is required but no ERV is possible due to hazardous extract air, a very efficient dehumidification system for large air flow must be devised. This will- and can without hygienic issues- employ the most efficient heat recovery to reheat the dehumidified air with the heat from the incoming, moist air. The condenser of the dehumidifier in the exhaust air path can be operated in wet mode, after filtering and UV disinfection of the condensed water. | + | In humid areas where dehumidification is required but no ERV is possible due to hazardous extract air, a very efficient dehumidification system for large air flow must be devised. This will- and can without hygienic issues- employ the most efficient heat recovery to reheat the dehumidified air with the heat from the incoming, moist air. The condenser of the dehumidifier |
===== Wastewater disinfection ===== | ===== Wastewater disinfection ===== | ||
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As commercial units may not be satisfactory, | As commercial units may not be satisfactory, | ||
- | In cases where exhaust air filtering were demanded, it may be worthwhile to consider extract air filtering and benefit from new options for MVHR under this premise. | + | In cases where exhaust air filtering were stipulated, it may be worthwhile to consider extract air filtering |
===== Figures ===== | ===== Figures ===== | ||
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===== Examples ===== | ===== Examples ===== | ||
==== Large scale: LfL Nossen ==== | ==== Large scale: LfL Nossen ==== | ||
- | Built and pilot-certified by PHI in 2012 for the State of Saxony Agricultural Research Institute. Three structures with 5000m² lab space and 1600m² administration and canteen. | + | Built and pilot-certified by PHI in 2012 for the State of Saxony Agricultural Research Institute |
MVHR with counterflow plate heat recovery was possible due to the nature of the targeted research. Waste water thermal disinfection for part of the lab ([[https:// | MVHR with counterflow plate heat recovery was possible due to the nature of the targeted research. Waste water thermal disinfection for part of the lab ([[https:// |
planning/non-residential_passive_house_buildings/laboratories.txt · Last modified: 2022/06/07 16:54 by wolfgang.hasper@passiv.de