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--- planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:energy_balances_-_background [2014/09/18 18:19] – external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:energy_balances_-_background [2018/06/22 12:45] – [See also] cblagojevic
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 There are  no "correct" reference values, only more or less "suitable" values.
   * Borsch-Laaks and others have suggested that **the number of occupants** who live in a house should be referred to (kWh/Person/a).  But what happens when the children grow up and move out?  This is not suitable as a measure for the quality of the building. And it is wise to apply a measure for the quality of the building.\\ \\
-  * Others (e.g. the German Engineers Association) prefer to use the **gross volume V** as a reference value (kWh/m³).  Critics claim that with increasing insulation thicknesses, the heating demand would be reduced due to the increased  reference volume alone.  That is nonsense of course - but  other dead volumes can also increase the specific energy value.  This leads to faulty optimisation:  greater volumes are then built than are necessary and therefore they also have better specific values.  That is inappropriate.  .\\ \\
+  * Others (e.g. the German Engineers Association) prefer to use the **gross volume V** as a reference value (kWh/m³).  Critics claim that with increasing insulation thicknesses, the heating demand would be reduced due to the increased  reference volume alone.  That is nonsense of course - but  other dead volumes can also increase the specific energy value.  This leads to faulty optimisation:  greater volumes are then built than are necessary and therefore they also have better specific values.  That is inappropriate.\\ \\
   * According to the Energy Saving Ordinance in Germany (EnEV), the** "useable" area A<sub>N</sub>** is simply a gross volume which is linearly converted  to just one area:\\ \\ **A<sub>N</sub> = 0,32 m<sup>-1</sup> V**\\ \\ This "area"  cannot be measured as a real area – it is a purely mathematical value – and it too increases with the level of insulation and with all types of dead volumes, so it is just as inappropriate.\\ \\
   * **The gross floor area A<sub>BGF</sub>** is the area of the unfinished  building including all the floors.  It is very easy to determine – but also includes all non-useable areas like the inside and outside wall cross sections, access areas etc..  A<sub>BGF</sub> is the largest of the areas being discussed here.  It is often used in Switzerland (e.g. by MINERGIE®). That is why Swiss values always look good!\\ \\
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 **Further reading articles** \\
-[[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:energy_balances_-_background:calculating_the_treated_floor_area|]] \\
+[[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:energy_balances_-_background:calculating_the_treated_floor_area|]]  {{:picopen:members_only.png?25|}} \\
 [[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:calculations in hot and humid climates|PHPP calculations in hot and humid climates]] \\
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 [[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:Climate data tool|PHPP climate data tool]] \\
-[[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:climate_data_tool_for_the_southern_hemisphere|PHPP calculations for the Southern Hemisphere]]  \\
+[[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:climate_data_tool_for_the_southern_hemisphere|PHPP calculations for the Southern Hemisphere]]  {{:picopen:members_only.png?25|}}  \\
 [[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package:designPH plugin|"designPH" plugin for Trimble Sketchup]] \\