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--- operation:operation_and_experience:measurement_results:energy_use_measurement_results [2022/03/04 14:51] – [2.7. Passive House residential building "BuildTog" in Bremen-Findorff] yaling.hsiao@passiv.de
+++ operation:operation_and_experience:measurement_results:energy_use_measurement_results [2022/09/16 12:38] (current) – [Literature] wfeist
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 ===== 2.4.	Low-energy house projects in the UK =====
-Performance tests of the building envelope were carried out for 25 different buildings. The heat loss per Kelvin temperature difference was determined for the entire building (co-heating test). The measurement by Johnston et al. included 22 low-energy projects and three Passive House buildings [[Operation:Operation and Experience:Measurement results:Energy use – measurement results#Literature | [Johnston 2014] ]]. The latter had the best results by far and there was almost no difference between the predicted and measured values.
+Performance tests of the building envelope were carried out for 25 different buildings. The heat loss per Kelvin temperature difference was determined for the entire building (co-heating test). The measurement by Johnston et al. included 22 low-energy projects and three Passive House buildings [[Operation:Operation and Experience:Measurement results:Energy use – measurement results#Literature | [Johnston 2014] ]]. The latter had the best results by far and there was almost no difference between the predicted and measured values. In a 2020 publication Johntson et.al. included even more of the monitored examples from the UK and also in Europe [[Operation:Operation and Experience:Measurement results:Energy use – measurement results#Literature | [Johnston 2020] ]].
 [{{ :picopen:uk_perform_2014_johnston_eng.png?553 | //**Fig. 11:** The results of the Performance Tests carried out for 25 highly efficient new builds in England [[Operation:Operation and Experience:Measurement results:Energy use – measurement results#Literature| [Johnston 2014] ]]. The three Passive House projects scored best by far and in every respect: there was almost no difference between the predicted and the measured specific heat loss, they exhibited a loss coefficient lower by a factor of two compared with the next best projects and they saved almost 75% of the heating losses compared with the average losses.//}}]
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 ===== 2.7. Passive House residential building "BuildTog" in Bremen-Findorff =====
-Completed and occupied in 2017, the Passive House "BuildTog" in Bremen-Findorff of GEWOBA Bremen has 16 rental apartments with a heated living area of 1,478 m². The building in solid construction was planned by the architectural office "Planungsgruppe DREI" from Mühltal near Darmstadt. The building services were planned by "Ingenieurbüro Lachnit" from Roßdorf near Darmstadt. The building is supplied by district heating (heating and hot water). All apartments are connected to the central ventilation system in the basement.
+Completed and inhabited in 2017, the Passive House “BuildTog” in Bremen-Findorff of GEWOBA Bremen has 16 rental apartments with a heated living area of 1,478 m². The solid construction building was planned by the architectural office “Planungsgruppe DREI” from Mühltal near Darmstadt. The building services were planned by “Ingenieurbüro Lachnit” from Roßdorf near Darmstadt. The building is supplied by district heating (heating and hot water), and all apartments are connected by a central ventilation system in the basement.
-The evaluation of the energy consumption values in the apartments, including the usable parts of the heat distribution and the minimum part of the frost protection of the central ventilation, results in 12.3 kWh/(m²a) in 2018/2019. A total of 17.4 kWh/(m²a) is used for heating the entire building (including conversion and distribution losses). Typically, the energy used for central water heating is 24.1 kWh/(m²a), which is higher than the energy used for heating the building. The results of the following years of investigation are in the same order of magnitude. This proves the stability of the consumption over time.
+The evaluation of the energy consumption values in the flats, including the proportion of usable heat distribution and the minimum amount of frost protection of the central ventilation, results in 12.3 kWh/(m²a) in 2018/2019. A total of 17.4 kWh/(m²a) is used for heating the entire building (including conversion and distribution losses). Typically, the energy used for central water heating is 24.1 kWh/(m²a), which is higher than the energy used for heating the building. The results from the following years are in the same order of magnitude and show the stability of the consumption over time.
-The results of the residents' survey show a very high overall satisfaction with the building in general and the Passive House technology in particular (88% "rather satisfied", 12% "very satisfied" with the Passive House). Isolated critical comments can be easily remedied by changes in behavior or attitudes.
+A residents’ survey shows a very high overall satisfaction with the building in general and the Passive House technology in particular (88% “rather satisfied”, 12% “very satisfied” with the Passive House building). Changes in behaviour or attitude can easily remedy isolated critical comments.
 [{{:operation:operation_and_experience:measurement_results:buildtog_bremen_flats.jpg?550|//**Fig.14**: Annual heating consumption (useful heat) plus usable pipe heat and usable heat from frost protection of the ventilation system. Shown per square meter of treated floor area for all 16 apartments in the period from June 2018 to May 2019 (sorted in ascending order) [Peper 2021].//}}]
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 **[Johnston 2014]** D. Johnston, D. Farmer, M. Brooke-Peat & D. Miles-Shenton (2014): “Bridging the domestic building fabric performance gap”, Building Research & Information, DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2014.979093; link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2014.979093
+**[Johnston 2020]** David Johnston, Mark Siddall, Oliver Ottinger, Soeren Peper und Wolfgang Feist: **Are the energy savings of the passive house standard reliable? A review of the as-built thermal and space heating performance of passive house dwellings from 1990 to 2018**; Energy Efficiency (2020) 13:1605–1631; [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09855-7|]] \\
 **[Krellner 2015]** Krellner, Marcus: Jährliche Ablesewerte der Wärmezähler der vier Doppel-haushälften in Nürnberg-Wetzendorf (German only; Annual heat meter readings of four semi-detached houses in Nuremberg-Wetzdorf). Private supply data, July 2015