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--- examples:passivehosue_district:passive_house_district_heidelberg-bahnstadt_monitor [2025/04/01 12:13] – [Monitoring energy consumption in the new district Bahnstadt in Heidelberg] yaling.hsiao@passiv.de
+++ examples:passivehosue_district:passive_house_district_heidelberg-bahnstadt_monitor [2025/04/02 15:47] (current) – [Comparison of heating energy consumption with PHPP planning data] yaling.hsiao@passiv.de
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 ====== Monitoring energy consumption in the new district Bahnstadt in Heidelberg ======
-//Author: Søren Peper,Robert Persch, This article is the paper presented at the 20 International Passive House Conference 2016 in Darmstadt, Germany.//
 ===== The Passive House Standard in Bahnstadt, Heidelberg =====
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 ===== Monitoring to ensure success =====
-Consumption values are currently being monitored to determine the success of the Bahnstadt-Heidelberg construction project [Peper 2015]. Monthly meter readings are available for all heat consumption (space heating, hot water, losses, etc.) for entire complexes with more than a hundred residential units each. The data is analysed as part of a “minimal monitoring” process, in which heating energy consumption is quite accurately derived from the monthly averages. The procedure is described in this article [[:phi_publications:nr.45_monitoring_consumption_minimal_monitoring|]] [Peper 2012]. The interim report for consumption levels in 2014 showed the annual results; the consumption statistics for 2015 were compiled in early 2016 and <fc #98fb98>were</fc> presented at the 20th Passive House Conference.
+Consumption values are currently being monitored to determine the success of the Bahnstadt-Heidelberg construction project [Peper 2015]. Monthly meter readings are available for all heat consumption (space heating, hot water, losses, etc.) for entire complexes with more than a hundred residential units each. The data is analysed as part of a “minimal monitoring” process, in which heating energy consumption is quite accurately derived from the monthly averages. The procedure is described in [Peper 2012]. The interim report for consumption levels in 2014 showed the annual results; the consumption statistics for 2015 were compiled in early 2016 and were presented at the 20th Passive House Conference.
-//Update to the original publication of this article: The final monitoring report was published in 2016 and is available for download on the website of the Passive House Institute: [[https://passiv.de/downloads/05_heidelberg_bahnstadt_monitoring_report_en.pdf|Energy monitoring of residential buildings in the Passive House city district of Heidelberg-Bahnstadt]]//
+The consumption data for seven residential complexes (698 residential units, 61,981 m²) and student dormitories (564 apartments, 15,457 m²) are currently being analysed. The treated floor area is defined as the useful area in accordance with the PHPP living area; assessment of the findings must take into consideration the fact that the current energy-saving building standard in Germany EnEV defines the floor space AN for these buildings as being 28 % greater, so the specific consumption values are accordingly lower. The buildings under investigation have all had tenants for an entire year except for three complexes, which only became occupied in the course of the first quarter of 2014. It is unclear whether this partial occupancy led to lower or higher consumption; both outcomes are possible.
-The consumption data for seven residential complexes (698 residential units, 61,981 m²) and student dormitories (564 apartments, 15,457 m²) are currently being analysed. The treated floor area is defined as the useful area in accordance with the PHPP ; assessment of the findings must take into consideration the fact that the current energy-saving building standard in Germany EnEV defines the floor space AN for these buildings as being 28 % greater, so the specific consumption values are accordingly lower. The buildings under investigation have all had tenants for an entire year except for three complexes, which only became occupied in the course of the first quarter of 2014. It is unclear whether this partial occupancy led to lower or higher consumption; both outcomes are possible.
+Based on the monthly consumption values, the expenses for hot water, distribution and storage in the core summer months can be determined irrespective of building heating. Here, it is assumed that no unplanned and undesirable space heating was used in the summer. To adjust for the effect of absence during the vacation period, the month with the lowest summer consumption is left out of the equation. Because the complexes contain a large number of residential units, it can be assumed that only a small number of tenants were on vacation at the same time. The average consumption of the view summer months June to September is calculated and the expenses without heating are used as the consumption figure for each month.. All consumption values above the base consumption in the other months are considered “energy consumption for space heating”. In this simplified approach, the heat output from the distribution lines is assumed to be constant over the year.
-Based on the monthly consumption values, the expenses for hot water, distribution and storage in the core summer months can be determined irrespective of building heating. Here, it is assumed that no unplanned and undesirable space heating was used in the summer. To adjust for the effectof absence during the vacation period</fc>, the month with the lowest summer consumption is left out of the equation. Because the complexes contain a large number of residential units, it can be assumed that only a small number of tenants were on vacation at the same time. The average consumption during the four summer months from June to September is calculated to produce the value “expenses without space heating” for each month. If this summer average for the consumption is extrapolated to the year, the result is the annual **“expenditure without space heating”**, which is abbreviated here as the **“base consumption”**. All consumption values above the base consumption in the other months are considered “energy consumption for space heating”. In this simplified approach, the heat output from the distribution lines is assumed to be constant over the year.
 This type of calculation allows a value to be determined for space heating energy consumption from the small amount of measurement data available. However, this initial rough estimate is too high for various reasons: lower hot water consumption in the summer (overestimation: 1 to 2 kWh/(m²a); moderate approach 10 % overestimation from winter to summer), heating for underground parking driveways (estimation: 0.1 to 0.3 kWh/(m²a)), possible unintentional heating (such as in the month of May) because of improper use of controls (in May, between 0.4 and 1.2 kWh/m²; on average: 0.7 kWh/m²), and higher winter heat losses from distribution lines in the ground and basement (estimate: 0.2 kWh/(m²a)).
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-[Peper 2012]	Peper, S.: Messung zur Verbrauchskontrolle – Minimalmonitoring. In: Arbeitskreis kostengünstige Passivhäuser, Protokollband Nr. 45: Richtig messen in Energiesparhäusern [Research Group Cost-efficient Passive Houses, Volume 45: Proper measuring in low-energy houses]. Passive House Institute, Darmstadt, 2012. Available on Passipedia: [[phi_publications:nr.45_monitoring_consumption_minimal_monitoring]]
+[Peper 2012]	Peper, S.: Messung zur Verbrauchskontrolle – Minimalmonitoring. In: Arbeitskreis kostengünstige Passivhäuser, Protokollband Nr. 45: Richtig messen in Energiesparhäusern \\
+[Research Group Cost-efficient Passive Houses, Volume 45: Proper measuring in low-energy houses]. Passive House Institute, Darmstadt, 2012. Available on Passipedia \\
+[Peper 2015]	Peper, S.: Monitoring in der Passivhaus-Siedlung Bahnstadt Heidelberg, interim report 2014. Passive House Institute, Darmstadt, 2015 \\
-[Peper 2015]	Peper, S.: Monitoring in der Passivhaus-Siedlung Bahnstadt Heidelberg, interim report 2014. Passive House Institute, Darmstadt, 2015.
-\\
 ====== See also ======
 Detailed monitoring report: [[https://passiv.de/downloads/05_heidelberg_bahnstadt_monitoring_report_en.pdf|Energy monitoring of residential buildings in the Passive House city district of Heidelberg-Bahnstadt]]
-[[:examples:passivehosue_district]]
-[[:municipalities]]