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planning:airtight_construction:airtightness_approaches_for_deep_renovation

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planning:airtight_construction:airtightness_approaches_for_deep_renovation [2024/09/05 17:08] – yaling.hsiao@passiv.deplanning:airtight_construction:airtightness_approaches_for_deep_renovation [2024/10/30 10:43] (current) – [See also] yaling.hsiao@passiv.de
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-====== Airtightness Approaches for Deep Renovation ======+====== Airtightness approaches for deep renovation ======
  
 Author: Søren Peper Author: Søren Peper
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 For Passive House buildings, n<sub>50</sub> values ≤ 0.6 h <sup> -1</sup>  are required; for deep retrofits with Passive House components (EnerPHit), the n<sub>50</sub> value should not exceed 1.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  . The installation of a serially produced thermally insulating building envelope usually includes the creation of an airtight layer and is therefore assessed according to the requirements for new builds. For Passive House buildings, n<sub>50</sub> values ≤ 0.6 h <sup> -1</sup>  are required; for deep retrofits with Passive House components (EnerPHit), the n<sub>50</sub> value should not exceed 1.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  . The installation of a serially produced thermally insulating building envelope usually includes the creation of an airtight layer and is therefore assessed according to the requirements for new builds.
-===== INFLUENCE OF AIRTIGHTNESS =====+===== Influence of airtightness =====
  
 The energy demand of an exemplary Passive House building demonstrates the huge effect airtightness has: the energy demand of the building is **doubled** if the building is only implemented with n<sub>50</sub> values = 3.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  instead of n<sub>50</sub> values = 0.4 h<sup> -1</sup>  , which is the usual value for Passive House buildings, even though all other components of the building remain the same. From the still good airtightness value of n<sub>50</sub> = 1.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  for a building retrofit (EnerPHit), the heating demand increases by almost 12 kWh/(m²a) if the building is inadequately planned and executed with n<sub>50</sub> = 3.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  . The energy demand of an exemplary Passive House building demonstrates the huge effect airtightness has: the energy demand of the building is **doubled** if the building is only implemented with n<sub>50</sub> values = 3.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  instead of n<sub>50</sub> values = 0.4 h<sup> -1</sup>  , which is the usual value for Passive House buildings, even though all other components of the building remain the same. From the still good airtightness value of n<sub>50</sub> = 1.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  for a building retrofit (EnerPHit), the heating demand increases by almost 12 kWh/(m²a) if the building is inadequately planned and executed with n<sub>50</sub> = 3.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  .
  
- + [{{ :picopen:picture_1.png?500 |Fig. 1: Heating demand of identical buildings with variation of the airtightness level [Peper 2024].}}]
- +
-[{{  :picopen:picture_1.png?500 |Fig. 1: Heating demand of identical buildings with variation of the airtightness level [Peper 2024].}}]+
  
 If we look at deep retrofit projects in the Passive House project database ([[http://www.passivehouse-database.org|www.passivehouse-database.org]]) which were executed using Passive House components, we see excellent results with an average n50 value of 0.7 h<sup> -1</sup>  (simple average value of 459 projects). The EnerPHit requirement of n<sub>50</sub> ≤ 1.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  for airtightness of a building after a deep retrofit is therefore generally easy to achieve. Only 12 of the included retrofit projects have a measured value that is higher than the EnerPHit requirement of n<sub>50</sub> ≤ 1.0h<sup> -1</sup>  . If we look at deep retrofit projects in the Passive House project database ([[http://www.passivehouse-database.org|www.passivehouse-database.org]]) which were executed using Passive House components, we see excellent results with an average n50 value of 0.7 h<sup> -1</sup>  (simple average value of 459 projects). The EnerPHit requirement of n<sub>50</sub> ≤ 1.0 h<sup> -1</sup>  for airtightness of a building after a deep retrofit is therefore generally easy to achieve. Only 12 of the included retrofit projects have a measured value that is higher than the EnerPHit requirement of n<sub>50</sub> ≤ 1.0h<sup> -1</sup>  .
  
-[{{  :picopen:picture_2.png?500 |Fig. 2: Evaluation of measured airtightness of 459 retrofit projects in the PHI Project Database [Peper 2024].   }}]+ [{{ :picopen:picture_2.png?500 |Fig. 2: Evaluation of measured airtightness of 459 retrofit projects in the PHI Project Database [Peper 2024]. }}]
  
-===== BASIC RULES FOR A GOOD LEVEL OF AIRTIGHTNESS =====+===== Basic rules for a good level of airtightness=====
  
 An important **basic rule** applies for airtightness that must generally be observed: there must always be __one single__ airtight layer. Two partly airtight layers do not lead to the required result and are generally more complicated and expensive. For example, a conventional ‘vestibule door’ behind the non-airtight front door will not lead to an adequate level of airtightness of the building. Imagine a leaky bucket that is placed in another leaky bucket: water continues to leak out (water corresponding to air). It is therefore not advisable for example, to consider the internal plaster as an airtight layer if weak points exist here (e.g. inaccessible wood beam ceilings without plaster on the masonry in this area). An important **basic rule** applies for airtightness that must generally be observed: there must always be __one single__ airtight layer. Two partly airtight layers do not lead to the required result and are generally more complicated and expensive. For example, a conventional ‘vestibule door’ behind the non-airtight front door will not lead to an adequate level of airtightness of the building. Imagine a leaky bucket that is placed in another leaky bucket: water continues to leak out (water corresponding to air). It is therefore not advisable for example, to consider the internal plaster as an airtight layer if weak points exist here (e.g. inaccessible wood beam ceilings without plaster on the masonry in this area).
-===== AIRTIGHTNESS CONCEPT FOR RETROFITS =====+ 
 +=====  Airtightness concept for retrofits =====
  
 In general, the following methods are available for consistent airtightness during renovation: {{:picopen:outphit_d7_1309_221.png?250  }} In general, the following methods are available for consistent airtightness during renovation: {{:picopen:outphit_d7_1309_221.png?250  }}
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   * Connections of ascending components to the basement wall, gable wall or eaves should   * Connections of ascending components to the basement wall, gable wall or eaves should
  
-\\ + \\  \\ 
-\\ + 
-\\+**Integration of the airtight layer in new pre-wall elements. **  {{:picopen:outphit_d7_1309_41.png?350  }}{{:picopen:outphit_d7_1309_51.png?350  }} \\ In the process, consistent improvement of the internal plaster (surface, installations, windows, storey ceilings) in an inhabited building probably won't be possible and neither can the external plaster be improved because scaffolding cannot be used.The following must first be clarified:
  
-**Integration of the airtight layer in new pre-wall elements. **  {{:picopen:outphit_d7_1309_41.png?350  }}{{:picopen:outphit_d7_1309_51.png?350  }} \\  In the process, consistent improvement of the internal plaster (surface, installations, windows, storey ceilings) in an inhabited building probably won't be possible and neither can the external plaster be improved because scaffolding cannot be used.The following must first be clarified:  
   * How the airtight layer should be routed in the new wall element.   * How the airtight layer should be routed in the new wall element.
   * As a possible alternative to the classic solution on the warm side of the module, the airtight layer could also be routed on the outside, under cladding. In this case however, it must be designed to be diffusion-open.   * As a possible alternative to the classic solution on the warm side of the module, the airtight layer could also be routed on the outside, under cladding. In this case however, it must be designed to be diffusion-open.
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   * Details such as sealing at mechanical supports for the modules as well as cable and pipe penetrations are must also be covered in the design.   * Details such as sealing at mechanical supports for the modules as well as cable and pipe penetrations are must also be covered in the design.
  
-===== DECISION MATRIX =====+===== Decision matrix=====
  
 The following matrix shows the possible ways of ensuring airtightness of the building for the renovation process. The following matrix shows the possible ways of ensuring airtightness of the building for the renovation process.
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 **[Peper 2024]**  Peper, S.: Solutions for an airtight building envelope. In: Serial energy retrofit according to Passive House principles. Protocol Volume No. 61 of the Research Group for Cost-effective Passive Houses, Passive House Institute, Darmstadt, 2024 **[Peper 2024]**  Peper, S.: Solutions for an airtight building envelope. In: Serial energy retrofit according to Passive House principles. Protocol Volume No. 61 of the Research Group for Cost-effective Passive Houses, Passive House Institute, Darmstadt, 2024
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 +{{:picopen:outphit_logo_description.png?400}}{{:picopen:eu_logo_description.png?400}}
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 +----
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 ===== See also ===== ===== See also =====
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 [[:construction:quality_assurance:airtightness_and_windtightness|]] [[:construction:quality_assurance:airtightness_and_windtightness|]]
  
-[[:eu_projects_publications|]]+[[planning:refurbishment_with_passive_house_components]] 
 + 
 +[[https://passipedia.org/eu_projects_publications#outphit_-_deep_retrofits_made_faster_cheaper_and_more_reliable|outPHit - Deep retrofits made faster, cheaper and more reliable]] 
  
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-{{:picopen:outphit_logo_description.png?400}}{{:picopen:eu_logo_description.png?400}} 
  
  
planning/airtight_construction/airtightness_approaches_for_deep_renovation.1725548918.txt.gz · Last modified: by yaling.hsiao@passiv.de