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certification:passive_house_categories:classic-plus-premium [2024/04/18 21:51] – [Energy generation relative to the building’s ground area] jgrovesmithcertification:passive_house_categories:classic-plus-premium [2024/04/18 22:02] – [Introduction] jgrovesmith
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 ===== Introduction ===== ===== Introduction =====
  
-Anyone who has built or lives in a Passive House building already has this part of the energy transition taken care of. After all, the low energy demand in a Passive House can sustainably come from regional energy sources. The supply structure is transitioning from fossil sources to renewables at an encouragingly rapid pace. The conventional primary energy assessment systems for energy demand in buildings are based on old supply systems and do not work in the new one with an increasing share of renewables. The Passive House Institute therefore developed a new evaluation system based on renewable primary energy ([[basics:energy_and_ecology:primary_energy_renewable_per|PER, Primary Energy Renewable]]). Based on the achieved level of energy efficiency and the amount of renewable energy supply, Passive House certification is available in three classes: +Anyone who has built or lives in a Passive House building already has this part of the energy transition taken care of. After all, the low energy demand in a Passive House can sustainably come from regional energy sources. The supply structure is transitioning from fossil sources to renewables at an encouragingly rapid pace. The conventional primary energy assessment systems for energy demand in buildings are based on old supply systems and do not work in the new one with an increasing share of renewables. The Passive House Institute therefore developed a unique evaluation system based on renewable primary energy ([[basics:energy_and_ecology:primary_energy_renewable_per|PER, Primary Energy Renewable]]). Based on the achieved level of energy efficiency and the amount of renewable energy supply, Passive House certification is available in three classes: 
  
   * The **Passive House Classic**, which is the traditional Passive House   * The **Passive House Classic**, which is the traditional Passive House
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   * In a **Passive House Premium**, typically far more energy is produced than needed. It is therefore a goal for the particularly ambitious: building owners and designers who want to go beyond what economic and ecological considerations already propose. The Passive House Institute is working to make the Passive House Standard more attractive for this avant-garde.   * In a **Passive House Premium**, typically far more energy is produced than needed. It is therefore a goal for the particularly ambitious: building owners and designers who want to go beyond what economic and ecological considerations already propose. The Passive House Institute is working to make the Passive House Standard more attractive for this avant-garde.
  
-This paper illustrates these classes based on specific reference projects and shows how you can take your project to the next level.+This paper illustrates these classes based on specific reference projects and shows how you can take your project to the next level. The first section provides a general overview of the PER approach. Which is then followed by example projects to shed light on how to achieve the different Passive House classes. Some general PER concepts are explained in context of the specific example projects.
  
-===== Passive House Classes – most things unchanged (?)! =====+\\ 
 +===== PER methodology in a nutshell =====
  
 Most people probably think of a single number when they hear the term Passive House: 15 kWh/(m²a). It describes the maximum demand for annual heating energy for compliance with the Passive House Standard. This figure is the bases of all of the classes because it provides a starting point by limiting the amount of useful energy made available for heating purposes indoors. Useful energy demand for cooling, airtightness, and criteria for comfort and hygiene are also the same for all three classes.  Most people probably think of a single number when they hear the term Passive House: 15 kWh/(m²a). It describes the maximum demand for annual heating energy for compliance with the Passive House Standard. This figure is the bases of all of the classes because it provides a starting point by limiting the amount of useful energy made available for heating purposes indoors. Useful energy demand for cooling, airtightness, and criteria for comfort and hygiene are also the same for all three classes. 
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 But heating energy demand does not tell the whole story; after all, heating energy demand is roughly equal to hot water demand in a Passive House. Demand for household electricity is usually much higher. A building’s total energy demand – including the energy needed to provide the building with final energy – therefore also needs to be taken into account. This is where the Passive House classes come into play. They divide buildings into classes or categories based on their total renewable primary energy demand and their renewable primary power production (Figure 1).  But heating energy demand does not tell the whole story; after all, heating energy demand is roughly equal to hot water demand in a Passive House. Demand for household electricity is usually much higher. A building’s total energy demand – including the energy needed to provide the building with final energy – therefore also needs to be taken into account. This is where the Passive House classes come into play. They divide buildings into classes or categories based on their total renewable primary energy demand and their renewable primary power production (Figure 1). 
  
-[{{:picopen:20150311_passivehouseclasses_press_release_phi.jpg?600|**Figure 1: The new Passive House classes of Classic, Plus, and Premium. Requirements for PER demand and renewable energy generation. Classic is the current Passive House Standard. Higher classes require lower renewable primary energy demand and additional renewable energy generation.**}}]+[{{:picopen:20150311_passivehouseclasses_press_release_phi.jpg?600|**Figure 1: The Passive House classes of Classic, Plus, and Premium. Requirements for PER demand and renewable energy generation. Higher classes require lower renewable primary energy demand and additional renewable energy generation.**}}]
  
 ==== Generation and demand remain separated ==== ==== Generation and demand remain separated ====
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 ==== Using biomass budgets efficiently ==== ==== Using biomass budgets efficiently ====
  
-Both within Germany and worldwide, biomass is only available in limited amounts. There is a clear usage hierarchy for biomass: 1) food production, 2) materials, and 3) energy [Krick 2012]. Because biomass can be stored and has a high energy density, it will mainly be needed in mobile applications (transport). Only a small amount will be left over for consumption in buildings. The new PHPP 9 sets the amount of renewable primary energy left over at 20 kWh/(m²a), and the PER factor is set at 1.10 for biomass in general. Because biomass can be used to generate electricity and produce liquids or gases, it can be used in any supply system, so it is credited to all supply variants. And because biomass can be stored, it is perfect for use in the winter. The budget is then prioritized as follows: heating, hot water in the winter, and household electricity. +Both within Germany and worldwide, biomass is only available in limited amounts. There is a clear usage hierarchy for biomass: 1) food production, 2) materials, and 3) energy [Krick 2012]. Because biomass can be stored and has a high energy density, it will mainly be needed in mobile applications (transport). Only a small amount will be left over for consumption in buildings. The PER methodology limits the amount of renewable primary energy left over at 20 kWh/(m²a), and the PER factor is set at 1.10 for biomass in general. Because biomass can be used to generate electricity and produce liquids or gases, it can be used in any supply system, so it is credited to all supply variants. And because biomass can be stored, it is perfect for use in the winter. The budget is then prioritized as follows: heating, hot water in the winter, and household electricity. 
  
 For instance, if a building has a condensation boiler (PER of renewable gas: 1.75), the first 20 kWh/(m²a) of PER demand is calculated with the PER factor of 1.10 for biomass. The PER factor of 1.75 for renewable synthetic gas is then applied for subsequent applications. If the PER demand for heating is lower than 20 kWh/(m²a), the rest of the budget is applied to hot water supply, followed by household power demand. If biomass is used to cover this demand, it is only available within this budget. Furthermore, the PER factor of electricity is used for heating purposes because the additional consumption of biomass comes at the expense of other users. For instance, if a building has a condensation boiler (PER of renewable gas: 1.75), the first 20 kWh/(m²a) of PER demand is calculated with the PER factor of 1.10 for biomass. The PER factor of 1.75 for renewable synthetic gas is then applied for subsequent applications. If the PER demand for heating is lower than 20 kWh/(m²a), the rest of the budget is applied to hot water supply, followed by household power demand. If biomass is used to cover this demand, it is only available within this budget. Furthermore, the PER factor of electricity is used for heating purposes because the additional consumption of biomass comes at the expense of other users.
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 Note that it is more efficient to generate electricity with biomass first and then use a heat pump for heat supply second. If some of the biomass is combusted in a household stove, around 80 percent of the primary energy can be converted into useful heat. If biomass is consumed in a cogeneration unit, around 50 percent of the energy is used to produce electricity and 30 percent to produce useful heat, with only 20 percent losses. A heat pump allows three units of heat to be generated from a single unit of electricity. In this case, 50 percent electricity becomes 150 percent heat in addition to the 30 percent useful heat from the cogeneration unit. As a result, biomass produces 180 percent useful heat in combination with a heat pump instead of 80 percent useful heat from direct combustion. Nonetheless, Passive House buildings can continue to have biomass heating systems; the overall PER demand will simply be relatively high in such cases. Note that it is more efficient to generate electricity with biomass first and then use a heat pump for heat supply second. If some of the biomass is combusted in a household stove, around 80 percent of the primary energy can be converted into useful heat. If biomass is consumed in a cogeneration unit, around 50 percent of the energy is used to produce electricity and 30 percent to produce useful heat, with only 20 percent losses. A heat pump allows three units of heat to be generated from a single unit of electricity. In this case, 50 percent electricity becomes 150 percent heat in addition to the 30 percent useful heat from the cogeneration unit. As a result, biomass produces 180 percent useful heat in combination with a heat pump instead of 80 percent useful heat from direct combustion. Nonetheless, Passive House buildings can continue to have biomass heating systems; the overall PER demand will simply be relatively high in such cases.
  
-===== What do the new Passive House classes look like in detail? ===== +\\
- +
-This section uses reference projects to shed light on the new classes. General questions are answered with reference to the specific reference cases.+
  
 ===== Single-family Passive House home in Gerstetten, architect: Werner Friedl ===== ===== Single-family Passive House home in Gerstetten, architect: Werner Friedl =====
certification/passive_house_categories/classic-plus-premium.txt · Last modified: 2024/04/18 22:11 by jgrovesmith