certification:passive_house_categories:classic-plus-premium
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certification:passive_house_categories:classic-plus-premium [2015/03/17 15:58] – [Classic, Plus, Premium: The new Passive House classes and how they can be reached] bwuensch | certification:passive_house_categories:classic-plus-premium [2015/03/18 17:00] – [Single-family Passive House home in Gerstetten, architect: Werner Friedl] bwuensch | ||
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====== Classic, Plus, Premium: The new Passive House classes and how they can be reached ====== | ====== Classic, Plus, Premium: The new Passive House classes and how they can be reached ====== | ||
- | Anyone who has built or lives in a Passive House building already has this part of the energy transition taken care of. After all, the low energy demand in Passive House can sustainably come from regional energy sources. The supply structure is transitioning from fossil sources to renewables at an encouragingly rapid pace. The old assessment systems for energy demand in buildings are based on the old supply system and do not work in the new one. The Passive House Institute therefore developed a new evaluation system based on renewable primary energy (PER, Primary Energy Renewable). It also takes proper account of the energy that a building generates; see the papers by Jessica Grove-Smith and Wolfgang Feist in these Proceedings along with [Feist 2014]. This new evaluation system consists of three Passive House classes: | + | Anyone who has built or lives in a Passive House building already has this part of the energy transition taken care of. After all, the low energy demand in a Passive House can sustainably come from regional energy sources. The supply structure is transitioning from fossil sources to renewables at an encouragingly rapid pace. The old assessment systems for energy demand in buildings are based on the old supply system and do not work in the new one. The Passive House Institute therefore developed a new evaluation system based on renewable primary energy (PER, Primary Energy Renewable). It also takes proper account of the energy that a building generates. This new evaluation system consists of three Passive House classes: |
- | * Unordered List ItemThe | + | * The **Passive House Classic**, which is the traditional Passive House |
- | * Unordered List ItemThe | + | * The **Passive House Plus**, in which additional energy is generated, such as from photovoltaics. Such buildings are said to produce about as much energy as residents consume, at least in an – admittedly somewhat misleading – net calculation over the year. |
- | * Unordered List ItemIn | + | * In a **Passive House Premium**, far more energy is produced than needed. It is therefore a goal for the particularly ambitious: building owners and designers who want to go beyond what economic and ecological considerations already propose. The Passive House Institute is working to make the Passive House Standard more attractive for this avant-garde. |
This paper illustrates these classes based on specific reference projects and shows how you can take your project to the next level. | This paper illustrates these classes based on specific reference projects and shows how you can take your project to the next level. | ||
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Most people probably think of a single number when they hear the term Passive House: 15 kWh/ | Most people probably think of a single number when they hear the term Passive House: 15 kWh/ | ||
- | But heating energy demand does not tell the whole story; after all, heating energy demand is roughly equal to hot water demand in Passive House. Demand for household electricity is usually much higher. A building’s total energy demand – including the energy needed to provide the building with final energy – therefore also needs to be taken into account. This is where the new Passive House classes come in. They divide buildings into categories based on renewable primary energy demand and their own renewable primary power production (Figure 1). | + | But heating energy demand does not tell the whole story; after all, heating energy demand is roughly equal to hot water demand in a Passive House. Demand for household electricity is usually much higher. A building’s total energy demand – including the energy needed to provide the building with final energy – therefore also needs to be taken into account. This is where the new Passive House classes come in. They divide buildings into categories based on renewable primary energy demand and their own renewable primary power production (Figure 1). |
[{{: | [{{: | ||
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==== Energy generation relative to the building’s ground area ==== | ==== Energy generation relative to the building’s ground area ==== | ||
- | Often, energy demand and generation are stated with reference to a building’s treated floor area. If a building has a photovoltaic array, it can produce a certain amount of energy, but the amount per square meter of floor area decreases as the number of stories (and hence floor area) increases. Single-story bungalows thus seem to perform better than row houses and duplexes/ | + | Often, energy demand and generation are stated with reference to a building’s treated floor area. If a building has a photovoltaic array, it can produce a certain amount of energy, but the amount per square meter of floor area decreases as the number of stories (and hence floor area) increases. Single-story bungalows thus seem to perform better than row houses and duplexes/ |
+ | |||
+ | Stating renewable energy production in terms of floor area can thus also lead to improper optimizations. In the new concept, energy generation is instead stated relative to the building’s ground area, defined as the vertical projection of the thermal envelope towards ground (for details, please see PHPP 9 manual). Whether a bungalow or a complex is built, the assessment is therefore the same in terms of energy generation. This approach is better because the space a building takes up is then no longer available for other types of usage. If this area is used to generate electricity, | ||
==== Using biomass budgets efficiently ==== | ==== Using biomass budgets efficiently ==== | ||
- | Both within Germany and worldwide, biomass is only available in limited amounts. There is a clear usage hierarchy for biomass: 1) food production, 2) materials, and 3) energy [Krick 2012]. Because biomass can be stored and has a high energy density, it will mainly be needed in mobile applications (transport). Only a small amount will be left over for consumption in buildings. The new PHPP 9 sets the amount of renewable primary energy left over at 20 kWh/ | + | Both within Germany and worldwide, biomass is only available in limited amounts. There is a clear usage hierarchy for biomass: 1) food production, 2) materials, and 3) energy [Krick 2012]. Because biomass can be stored and has a high energy density, it will mainly be needed in mobile applications (transport). Only a small amount will be left over for consumption in buildings. The new PHPP 9 sets the amount of renewable primary energy left over at 20 kWh/ |
+ | |||
+ | For instance, if a building has a condensation boiler (PER of renewable gas: 1.75), the first 20 kWh/ | ||
Note that it is more efficient to generate electricity with biomass first and then use a heat pump for heat supply second. If some of the biomass is combusted in a household stove, around 80 percent of the primary energy can be converted into useful heat. If biomass is consumed in a cogeneration unit, around 50 percent of the energy is used to produce electricity and 30 percent to produce useful heat, with only 20 percent losses. A heat pump allows three units of heat to be generated from a single unit of electricity. In this case, 50 percent electricity becomes 150 percent heat in addition to the 30 percent useful heat from the cogeneration unit. As a result, biomass produces 180 percent useful heat in combination with a heat pump instead of 80 percent useful heat from direct combustion. Nonetheless, | Note that it is more efficient to generate electricity with biomass first and then use a heat pump for heat supply second. If some of the biomass is combusted in a household stove, around 80 percent of the primary energy can be converted into useful heat. If biomass is consumed in a cogeneration unit, around 50 percent of the energy is used to produce electricity and 30 percent to produce useful heat, with only 20 percent losses. A heat pump allows three units of heat to be generated from a single unit of electricity. In this case, 50 percent electricity becomes 150 percent heat in addition to the 30 percent useful heat from the cogeneration unit. As a result, biomass produces 180 percent useful heat in combination with a heat pump instead of 80 percent useful heat from direct combustion. Nonetheless, | ||
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===== Single-family Passive House home in Gerstetten, architect: Werner Friedl ===== | ===== Single-family Passive House home in Gerstetten, architect: Werner Friedl ===== | ||
- | In the basic variant, a boiler fired with wood pellets is used to heat this single-family home, which also includes an office room. The roof has a 74 m² photovoltaic (PV) array on it (variant 1). At the outset, this building is already very energy-efficient, | + | In the basic variant, a boiler fired with wood pellets is used to heat this single-family home, which also includes an office room. The roof has a 74 m² photovoltaic (PV) array on it (variant 1). At the outset, this building is already very energy-efficient, |
- | If a small solar thermal array for hot water supply with six square meters of collector area is added, PER demand drops to 47 kWh/ | + | If a small solar thermal array for hot water supply with six square meters of collector area is added, PER demand drops to 47 kWh/ |
- | [{{: | + | [{{: |
==== Passive House Plus with a solar thermal array and heat recovery from shower water ==== | ==== Passive House Plus with a solar thermal array and heat recovery from shower water ==== | ||
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In the basic variant (variant 1), | In the basic variant (variant 1), | ||
- | [{{: | + | [{{: |
==== Central hot water supply systems not a good option when little hot tap water is used ==== | ==== Central hot water supply systems not a good option when little hot tap water is used ==== | ||
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===== Office complex for the Erdinger Moos wastewater association, | ===== Office complex for the Erdinger Moos wastewater association, | ||
- | A cogeneration unit next to the building produces electricity and heat from sewage | + | A cogeneration unit next to the building produces electricity and heat with gas from the water purification process |
- | [{{: | + | [{{: |
==== Passive House Premium with electrical and hot water efficiency ==== | ==== Passive House Premium with electrical and hot water efficiency ==== | ||
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[Feist 2014] Feist, Wolfgang: [[basics: | [Feist 2014] Feist, Wolfgang: [[basics: | ||
- | [Krick 2012] Krick, | + | [Krick 2012] Krick, |
[Ochs 2013] Ochs, Dermentzis, Feist: Energetic and Economic Optimization of the Renewable Energy Yield of Multi-Storey PHs. In Feist, Wolfgang (Hrsg.): Tagungsband zur 17. Internationalen Passivhaustagung 2013 in Frankfurt/ | [Ochs 2013] Ochs, Dermentzis, Feist: Energetic and Economic Optimization of the Renewable Energy Yield of Multi-Storey PHs. In Feist, Wolfgang (Hrsg.): Tagungsband zur 17. Internationalen Passivhaustagung 2013 in Frankfurt/ | ||
certification/passive_house_categories/classic-plus-premium.txt · Last modified: 2024/04/18 22:11 by jgrovesmith