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certification:enerphit:enerphit_building_renovation [2024/11/11 10:50] – [Enerphit is effective] yaling.hsiao@passiv.decertification:enerphit:enerphit_building_renovation [2025/03/25 17:01] (current) – yaling.hsiao@passiv.de
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 Figure 1 illustrates the scope for action in the building sector based on the above assumption for renewable electricity generation. According to the 2020 legislation, the available budget (green bar) would be significantly exceeded. Further federal policy ambitions in 2021 aimed at improving thermal protection in renovations and new builds and increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the heat supply system. Assuming that implementation went according to plan – which it did not – this would have brought it just within the available budget. However, even better results would be achieved with consistent utilisation of the potential on the building side, i.e. a combination of the Passive House standard in new builds and Passive House components in existing building renovations ("EnerPHit"). The building sector could then remain within this budget even if e.g. only 50% expansion of renewables can be achieved. Figure 1 illustrates the scope for action in the building sector based on the above assumption for renewable electricity generation. According to the 2020 legislation, the available budget (green bar) would be significantly exceeded. Further federal policy ambitions in 2021 aimed at improving thermal protection in renovations and new builds and increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the heat supply system. Assuming that implementation went according to plan – which it did not – this would have brought it just within the available budget. However, even better results would be achieved with consistent utilisation of the potential on the building side, i.e. a combination of the Passive House standard in new builds and Passive House components in existing building renovations ("EnerPHit"). The building sector could then remain within this budget even if e.g. only 50% expansion of renewables can be achieved.
  
-[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._1.png?600 |Figure 1: Cumulated CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for heating and hot water from 2021 to 2070. The green band indicates the range for the greenhouse gas budget for the building sector that is still available. Illustration based on [PHI 2022].}}]+[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._1e.png?600 |Figure 1: Cumulated CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for heating and hot water from 2021 to 2070. The green band indicates the range for the greenhouse gas budget for the building sector that is still available. Illustration based on [PHI 2022].}}] 
 ===== Indispensable:Significant reduction in energy demand===== ===== Indispensable:Significant reduction in energy demand=====
  
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 As can be seen in Figure 2, it will take several decades to significantly reduce the heating demand of existing buildings in this way, but accelerating the process would hardly be financially viable as existing values would be destroyed. With such an accelerated path, the demand for materials and manpower would also rise sharply at first, but would fall again just as quickly after ten to twenty years. In addition, increased speed is likely to come at the expense of quality; the result would be a building stock of average quality which it would not be possible to finance any further - a dead end. The right approach is therefore to link very good thermal protection measures to the usual renovation cycles. As can be seen in Figure 2, it will take several decades to significantly reduce the heating demand of existing buildings in this way, but accelerating the process would hardly be financially viable as existing values would be destroyed. With such an accelerated path, the demand for materials and manpower would also rise sharply at first, but would fall again just as quickly after ten to twenty years. In addition, increased speed is likely to come at the expense of quality; the result would be a building stock of average quality which it would not be possible to finance any further - a dead end. The right approach is therefore to link very good thermal protection measures to the usual renovation cycles.
  
-[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._2.png?600 |Figure 2: Existing building stock in Germany assuming different efficiency scenarios up to 2070. Illustration based on [PHI 2022].}}]+[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._2e.png?600 |Figure 2: Existing building stock in Germany assuming different efficiency scenarios up to 2070. Illustration based on [PHI 2022].}}]
  
 =====  EnerPHit is effective===== =====  EnerPHit is effective=====
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 Passive House technologies have proven their effectiveness time and time again for decades. They require hardly any maintenance or adjustment, and the risk of operating errors has proven to be negligible in practice. Their effectiveness does not diminish even after many years, as demonstrated by measurements e.g. in the Passive House building in Darmstadt-Kranichstein after 25 years of operation for example [PHI 2016]. Passive House technologies have proven their effectiveness time and time again for decades. They require hardly any maintenance or adjustment, and the risk of operating errors has proven to be negligible in practice. Their effectiveness does not diminish even after many years, as demonstrated by measurements e.g. in the Passive House building in Darmstadt-Kranichstein after 25 years of operation for example [PHI 2016].
  
-[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._3.png?600 |Figure 3: Natural gas consumption in the Passive House building in Darmstadt-Kranichstein over 25 years [PHI 2023].}}]+[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._3e.png?600 |Figure 3: Natural gas consumption in the Passive House building in Darmstadt-Kranichstein over 25 years [PHI 2023].}}] 
  
 =====  EnerPHit is cost-effective ===== =====  EnerPHit is cost-effective =====
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 The lower consumption of EnerPHit buildings is achieved through improvements to components that are already needed anyway. The additional costs compared to a standard building renovation are therefore comparatively low. As already mentioned above, detailed analyses show that improved efficiency in building renovation is cost-effective if it is coupled with the usual renovation cycles, so that the moderate additional costs of e.g. a higher insulation thickness or better windows are essentially incurred for saving energy, but a high quality will then be worthwhile. As can be seen from [PHI 2022], the total costs, investment plus energy over the life cycle are lowest if the EnerPHit standard is consistently applied according to the coupling principle. The lower consumption of EnerPHit buildings is achieved through improvements to components that are already needed anyway. The additional costs compared to a standard building renovation are therefore comparatively low. As already mentioned above, detailed analyses show that improved efficiency in building renovation is cost-effective if it is coupled with the usual renovation cycles, so that the moderate additional costs of e.g. a higher insulation thickness or better windows are essentially incurred for saving energy, but a high quality will then be worthwhile. As can be seen from [PHI 2022], the total costs, investment plus energy over the life cycle are lowest if the EnerPHit standard is consistently applied according to the coupling principle.
  
-[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._4.png?600 |Figure 4: Energy and investment costs in various scenarios examined based on the example of Germany. Illustration taken from [PHI 2022].}}]+[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._4e.png?600 |Figure 4: Energy and investment costs in various scenarios examined based on the example of Germany. Illustration taken from [PHI 2022].}}] 
  
 In economic terms, there is also the fact that, as the savings achieved lead to lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, in the EU they also help avoid any penalties imposed on the country for failing to meet climate targets. At the same time, they reduce the cost of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in sectors such as aviation and shipping, where they are more difficult to avoid. In economic terms, there is also the fact that, as the savings achieved lead to lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, in the EU they also help avoid any penalties imposed on the country for failing to meet climate targets. At the same time, they reduce the cost of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in sectors such as aviation and shipping, where they are more difficult to avoid.
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 In the European climate, space heating in winter accounts for a major share of the energy consumption of buildings. However, renewable energy is mainly available in summer and seasonal storage is therefore necessary, which leads to considerable losses. The PER demand shows how much renewable energy must be generated to cover the demand of a specific application. In the European climate, space heating in winter accounts for a major share of the energy consumption of buildings. However, renewable energy is mainly available in summer and seasonal storage is therefore necessary, which leads to considerable losses. The PER demand shows how much renewable energy must be generated to cover the demand of a specific application.
  
-[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._5.png?600 |Figure 5: PER demand in various scenarios examined based on the example of Germany. Illustration taken from [PHI 2022].}}]+[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._5e.png?600 |Figure 5: PER demand in various scenarios examined based on the example of Germany. Illustration taken from [PHI 2022].}}] 
  
 This is shown in Figure 5 for the year 2070, together with the potential for renewable energy generation. By combining Passive House/EnerPHit with heat supply that is adapted to a renewable energy system, the PER demand becomes very small. This leaves more renewable energy for applications that are more difficult to decarbonise. This is shown in Figure 5 for the year 2070, together with the potential for renewable energy generation. By combining Passive House/EnerPHit with heat supply that is adapted to a renewable energy system, the PER demand becomes very small. This leaves more renewable energy for applications that are more difficult to decarbonise.
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 In a renewable energy system, only two options that actually come into consideration as energy sources for space heating: electric heat pumps and district heating. The latter is suitable in urban neighbourhoods that still have a correspondingly high heat demand density even after energy retrofits of the buildings. Direct combustion of renewable hydrogen, methane from power-to-gas or similar for space heating would be far too inefficient and expensive. Based on the current annual trend in gas consumption, [Feist 2024] now shows that if a conservatively estimated 70% of the current building stock were to be supplied using heat pumps, the capacity of the electricity grid would have to be almost doubled. In addition, this peak output may coincide with a period of low energy generation, meaning that peak-load power plants would have to be kept available for this purpose, for example gas turbines that only run for a few hours a year. Both would significantly increase the costs of a renewable supply system. The higher the efficiency of the buildings, the fewer modifications to the grid will be necessary for ensuring the costly space heating. In a renewable energy system, only two options that actually come into consideration as energy sources for space heating: electric heat pumps and district heating. The latter is suitable in urban neighbourhoods that still have a correspondingly high heat demand density even after energy retrofits of the buildings. Direct combustion of renewable hydrogen, methane from power-to-gas or similar for space heating would be far too inefficient and expensive. Based on the current annual trend in gas consumption, [Feist 2024] now shows that if a conservatively estimated 70% of the current building stock were to be supplied using heat pumps, the capacity of the electricity grid would have to be almost doubled. In addition, this peak output may coincide with a period of low energy generation, meaning that peak-load power plants would have to be kept available for this purpose, for example gas turbines that only run for a few hours a year. Both would significantly increase the costs of a renewable supply system. The higher the efficiency of the buildings, the fewer modifications to the grid will be necessary for ensuring the costly space heating.
  
-[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._6.png?600 |Figure 6: Seasonal variation in gas consumption in Germany. Illustration taken from [Feist 2024].}}]+[{{ :picopen:outphit_why_deepretrofits_are_good_idea_fig._6e.png?600 |Figure 6: Seasonal variation in gas consumption in Germany. Illustration taken from [Feist 2024].}}] 
  
 ===== EnerPHit reduces energy imports and decreases the demand for renewable energy generation===== ===== EnerPHit reduces energy imports and decreases the demand for renewable energy generation=====
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 The distant future is naturally difficult to predict. How will the expansion of renewable energy infrastructure progress? What will happen to energy consumption in other sectors such as industry and transport? How will changes in international politics affect the energy supply of buildings? An existing building stock, the useful energy consumption of which has been reduced by half, which is especially comfortable, healthy and resistant to crises, with a flexible and cost-effective energy supply that fits into a climate-neutral energy system, will always create scope for development for a country; an EnerPHit renovation according to the coupling principle is a no-regret measure. The distant future is naturally difficult to predict. How will the expansion of renewable energy infrastructure progress? What will happen to energy consumption in other sectors such as industry and transport? How will changes in international politics affect the energy supply of buildings? An existing building stock, the useful energy consumption of which has been reduced by half, which is especially comfortable, healthy and resistant to crises, with a flexible and cost-effective energy supply that fits into a climate-neutral energy system, will always create scope for development for a country; an EnerPHit renovation according to the coupling principle is a no-regret measure.
  
-===== SOURCES / LINKS =====+===== Sources/links =====
  
 **[Feist 2024]** Feist, Wolfgang: Increase in electrical load in the grid through a systematic heat pump strategy in Germany; [[https://passipedia.org/basics/energy_and_ecology/increase_in_electrical_load_in_the_grid_through_a_systematic_heat_pump_strategy_in_germany|https://passipedia.org/basics/energy_and_ecology/increase_in_electrical_load_in_the_grid_through_a_systematic_heat_pump_strategy_in_germany]] **[Feist 2024]** Feist, Wolfgang: Increase in electrical load in the grid through a systematic heat pump strategy in Germany; [[https://passipedia.org/basics/energy_and_ecology/increase_in_electrical_load_in_the_grid_through_a_systematic_heat_pump_strategy_in_germany|https://passipedia.org/basics/energy_and_ecology/increase_in_electrical_load_in_the_grid_through_a_systematic_heat_pump_strategy_in_germany]]
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 **[PHI 2023]** [[https://passipedia.org/examples/residential_buildings/multi-family_buildings/central_europe/the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany|https://passipedia.org/examples/residential_buildings/multi-family_buildings/central_europe/the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany]]| **[PHI 2023]** [[https://passipedia.org/examples/residential_buildings/multi-family_buildings/central_europe/the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany|https://passipedia.org/examples/residential_buildings/multi-family_buildings/central_europe/the_world_s_first_passive_house_darmstadt-kranichstein_germany]]|
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 +----
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 +{{:picopen:outphit_logo_description.png?400}}{{:picopen:eu_logo_description.png?400}}
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 +----
 +
 +===== See also =====
 +
 +[[certification:enerphit]]
 +
 +[[planning:refurbishment_with_passive_house_components]]
 +
 +[[https://passipedia.org/eu_projects_publications#outphit_-_deep_retrofits_made_faster_cheaper_and_more_reliable|outPHit - Deep retrofits made faster, cheaper and more reliable]]
 +
  
certification/enerphit/enerphit_building_renovation.1731318642.txt.gz · Last modified: by yaling.hsiao@passiv.de