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basics:the_passive_house_-_historical_review [2019/05/22 09:01] – [Working systematically in Germany: Bergmann, Bruno, Hermann, Hörster, Steinmüller, Kersten, Klinkenberg and the Philips Experimental House] cblagojevicbasics:the_passive_house_-_historical_review [2022/08/27 19:13] (current) – [Literature] wfeist
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-===== Systematic Research:  Vagn Korsgaard and the DTU zero-energy house =====+===== Systematic Research:  Vagn Korsgaard and the DTH zero-energy house =====
  
 {{:picopen:korsgaard_dth_nullenergi.jpg?300 }} <- ** The DTH zero-energy house on the campus in Kopenhagen.**\\ \\ The "DTH zero-energy house" by Prof. Vagn Korsgaard (Kopenhagen, 1973) was also a Passive House. At the Technical University of Denmark, simulations were systematically carried out, designs were optismised and the first zero-energy house was built. The building was later used as a guest house for the university. However, the active solar technology was not renewed after it became defective. As a result, the "zero-energy house" objective was set aside in favour of the "low-energy house". {{:picopen:korsgaard_dth_nullenergi.jpg?300 }} <- ** The DTH zero-energy house on the campus in Kopenhagen.**\\ \\ The "DTH zero-energy house" by Prof. Vagn Korsgaard (Kopenhagen, 1973) was also a Passive House. At the Technical University of Denmark, simulations were systematically carried out, designs were optismised and the first zero-energy house was built. The building was later used as a guest house for the university. However, the active solar technology was not renewed after it became defective. As a result, the "zero-energy house" objective was set aside in favour of the "low-energy house".
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 ===== Working systematically in Germany: Bergmann, Bruno, Hermann, Hörster, Steinmüller, Kersten, Klinkenberg and the Philips Experimental House ===== ===== Working systematically in Germany: Bergmann, Bruno, Hermann, Hörster, Steinmüller, Kersten, Klinkenberg and the Philips Experimental House =====
  
-{{:picopen:philips_experimentierhaus.jpg?300 }} <- ** The Philips Experimental House (from: Hörster et al))**\\ \\ Parallel to the Scandinavian and American developments, systematic study of energy-efficient buildings was carried out in Germany by Dr. Horst Hörster (research group leader), Dr. Bernd Steinmüller (building models and simulations), Dr. Günther Bergmann, Dr. Richard Bruno, Dr. Wilhelm Hermann, Dr. Reinhard Kersten, and Ing. Klaus Klinkenberg, with funding provided by the Federal Ministry of Research. A super-insulated experimental house, built in 1974/75, equipped with ground heat exchangers, controlled ventilation, solar and heat pump technology and “inhabited” by a computer, served as a test and calibration laboratory for computer models, used to explore the possibilities of energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources. These studies showed the potential for energy savings in the order of 10 to 20 times for Europe and America using passive measures alone, thus proving that such measures are an important step on the way to energy efficient buildings. Dr. Bernd Steinmüller has been engaged again in research on efficient buildings since 1997 and continues to be a pioneer, disseminating original ideas worldwide. +{{:picopen:philips_experimentierhaus.jpg?300 }} <- ** The Philips Experimental House (from: Hörster et al))**\\ \\ Parallel to the Scandinavian and American developments, systematic study of energy-efficient buildings was carried out in Germany by Dr. Horst Hörster (research group leader), Dr. Bernd Steinmüller (building models and simulations), Dr. Günther Bergmann, Dr. Richard Bruno, Dr. Wilhelm Hermann, Dr. Reinhard Kersten, and Ing. Klaus Klinkenberg, with funding provided by the Federal Ministry of Research. A super-insulated experimental house, built in 1974/75 in Aachen, equipped with ground heat exchangers, controlled ventilation, solar and heat pump technology and “inhabited” by a computer, served as a test and calibration laboratory for computer models, used to explore the possibilities of energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources. These studies showed the potential for energy savings in the order of 10 to 20 times for Europe and America using passive measures alone, thus proving that such measures are an important step on the way to energy efficient buildings. Dr. Bernd Steinmüller has been engaged again in research on efficient buildings since 1997 and continues to be a [[:pioneer_award|pioneer]], disseminating original ideas worldwide. 
  
 Experiences from this project were incorporated into Passive House research from the very beginning. \\ Experiences from this project were incorporated into Passive House research from the very beginning. \\
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 These experiences gave the Passive House research the assurance and confidence that physics works in practice too.  A. B. Lovins visited the Passive House in Darmstadt Kranichstein in 1995.  It was he who suggested that the Passive House should be considered not just as a research project, but also as the energy standard of the future. See [[Basics:The Passive House - historical review#Literature|[Lovins 1978], [Carlock 1985], [Weizsäcker, Lovins 1995] ]].\\ These experiences gave the Passive House research the assurance and confidence that physics works in practice too.  A. B. Lovins visited the Passive House in Darmstadt Kranichstein in 1995.  It was he who suggested that the Passive House should be considered not just as a research project, but also as the energy standard of the future. See [[Basics:The Passive House - historical review#Literature|[Lovins 1978], [Carlock 1985], [Weizsäcker, Lovins 1995] ]].\\
  
-In 2011, at the International Passive House conference, this building was awarded the "Passive House Pioneer Award".+In 2011, at the International Passive House conference, this building was awarded the [[:pioneer_award|"Passive House Pioneer Award"]].
 \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
  
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 The most essential point is: To be aware of the performance character of really comfortable and energy efficient buildings. To be able to design such a building, it's important to calculate the performance in advance - prior to construction. The performance includes thermal comfort (during Winter and during Summer), indoor air quality and energy consumption. In our century the tools for a reliable calculation of these performance characteristics are available - this is the key for a good design. And it is the key to passive house construction - because the [[http://www.passipedia.org/planning/tools|PHPP tool]] has been made available for all professionals in the field. This tool is reliable, easy to use and transparent; it can be used as the backbone for the communication between the investor, the architect, the engineers and the people on the construction side. All important issues can be dealt with - whether the design of the ventilation system, the optimization of insulation layers, how to avoid thermal bridging and how to guarantee good indoor comfort. That is the first and most important reason, why passive house now can be designed and built by every architect and builder (well, those who are motivated to do it).\\ The most essential point is: To be aware of the performance character of really comfortable and energy efficient buildings. To be able to design such a building, it's important to calculate the performance in advance - prior to construction. The performance includes thermal comfort (during Winter and during Summer), indoor air quality and energy consumption. In our century the tools for a reliable calculation of these performance characteristics are available - this is the key for a good design. And it is the key to passive house construction - because the [[http://www.passipedia.org/planning/tools|PHPP tool]] has been made available for all professionals in the field. This tool is reliable, easy to use and transparent; it can be used as the backbone for the communication between the investor, the architect, the engineers and the people on the construction side. All important issues can be dealt with - whether the design of the ventilation system, the optimization of insulation layers, how to avoid thermal bridging and how to guarantee good indoor comfort. That is the first and most important reason, why passive house now can be designed and built by every architect and builder (well, those who are motivated to do it).\\
 \\ \\
-The second reason is the availability of suitable products and reliable data about the performance of these products. Before the passive house development there have been no windows with U-values lower than 0,85 W/(m²K) available on the market - now there is a increasing number of producers with Hundreds of certified windows of such a quality. Before the passive house development there have been no air-to-air heat recovery systems with reliable heat recovery rates higher than 80% available. Now there are more than 100 products on the market, produced by enterprises in different countries. The information about these products has been published - the performance of such products is at least some factor two better than the performance of former standard systems. That, together with reliable data available from certification of the components, creates the background for a successful design of really energy efficient buildings. +The second reason is the availability of suitable products and reliable data about the performance of these products. Before the passive house development there have been no windows with U-values lower than 0,85 W/(m²K) available on the market - now there is a increasing number of producers with Hundreds of certified windows of such a quality. Before the passive house development there have been no air-to-air heat recovery systems with reliable heat recovery rates higher than 80% available. Now there are also Hundreds of certified products on the market, produced by enterprises in different countries. The information about these products has been published - the performance of such products is at least some factor two better than the performance of former standard systems. That, together with reliable data available from certification of the components, creates the background for a successful design of really energy efficient buildings. 
 \\ \\
 \\ \\
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 The constructive perspective is looking forward: With the scientific knowledge we have now, we could (!) use technology wise and sustainable - which will fit our needs, the needs of say same 9 or 10 Billion humans -, will not require unsustainable resources and will not change the natural energy and material flows too much, not so much, that it will be of any danger. Yes, one also may discuss what is really a "demand" - but it's obvious that this could be a dangerous path if it will end in distribution fights. So, using science in a wise and clever way will be the best solution available. And that means making science available for as much as possible humans. The constructive perspective is looking forward: With the scientific knowledge we have now, we could (!) use technology wise and sustainable - which will fit our needs, the needs of say same 9 or 10 Billion humans -, will not require unsustainable resources and will not change the natural energy and material flows too much, not so much, that it will be of any danger. Yes, one also may discuss what is really a "demand" - but it's obvious that this could be a dangerous path if it will end in distribution fights. So, using science in a wise and clever way will be the best solution available. And that means making science available for as much as possible humans.
  
-And, although it might sound surprising, this is possible. We can reduce energy consumption by more than a factor of 5 (compared to average per person in the European Union) without reducing comfort and prosperity: see for example the Passive House concept and [[basics:energy_efficiency_-_the_key_to_future_energy_supply|"Energy efficiency"]].+Although it might sound surprising, this is possible. We can reduce energy consumption by more than a factor of 5 (compared to average per person in the European Union) without reducing comfort and prosperity: see for example the Passive House concept and [[efficiency_now:the_big_picture|"Energy efficiency"]].
  
 If we search back in history, we find some application of this concept - with much less advanced technology which has been available in these earlier times. So, there are traditional passive houses (see the upper part of this article). These have been solutions out of desperate hardship - thus, some of these solutions have been coined with the hardship that created them, so it might even be a danger to refer to these. There are such controversies going on: Some humans fearing a solution which is more efficient and uses less energy, because they fear that this might reduce their prosperity. But these fears are only based on missing information - that is, why the information has to be made available.   If we search back in history, we find some application of this concept - with much less advanced technology which has been available in these earlier times. So, there are traditional passive houses (see the upper part of this article). These have been solutions out of desperate hardship - thus, some of these solutions have been coined with the hardship that created them, so it might even be a danger to refer to these. There are such controversies going on: Some humans fearing a solution which is more efficient and uses less energy, because they fear that this might reduce their prosperity. But these fears are only based on missing information - that is, why the information has to be made available.  
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 **[Shurcliff 1980]** Super Insulated Houses and Double Envelope Houses, Brick House, Andover, 1st edition 1981 **[Shurcliff 1980]** Super Insulated Houses and Double Envelope Houses, Brick House, Andover, 1st edition 1981
  
-**[Weizsäcker, Lovins 1995]** Weizsäcker, U.; Lovins, A. & H.: Faktor Vier, München 1995+**[Weizsäcker, Lovins 1995]** Weizsäcker, E.; Lovins, A. & H.: Faktor Vier, München 1995
  
  
basics/the_passive_house_-_historical_review.1558508490.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/05/22 09:01 by cblagojevic