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--- basics:the_passive_house_-_historical_review [2016/08/24 10:36] – [The Passive House in Darmstadt Kranichstein] kdreimane
+++ basics:the_passive_house_-_historical_review [2019/02/28 10:04] – cblagojevic
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 ===== The Research Ship "Fram" was a Passive House (!) =====
-{{:picopen:fram_nansen.jpg?300 }} <- ** Fridtjof Nansen's polar ship, the "Fram", was a Passive House (1883)**\\ \\ The first fully functioning Passive House was actually a polar ship and not a house: the Fram of Fridtjof Nansen (1883).\\ \\ He writes:
+{{:picopen:fram_nansen.jpg?300 }} <- ** Fridtjof Nansen's polar ship, the "Fram", was a Passive House (1893)**\\ \\ The first fully functioning Passive House was actually a polar ship and not a house: the Fram of Fridtjof Nansen (1893).\\ \\ He writes:
-"... // The sides of the ship were lined with tarred felt, then came a space with cork padding, next a deal panelling, then a thick layer of felt, next air-tight linoleum, and last of all an inner panelling. The ceiling of the saloon and cabins . . . gave a total thickness of  about 15 inches.  ...The skylight which was most exposed to the cold was protected by three panes of glass one within the other, and in various other ways. ... The Fram is a comfortable abode. Whether the thermometer stands at 22° above zero or at 22° below it, we have no fire in the stove.  The ventilation is excellent, especially since we rigged up the air sail, which sends a whole winter‘s cold in through the ventilator; yet in spite of this we sit here warm and comfortable, with only a lamp burning. I am thinking of having the stove removed altogether; it is only in the way.//"\\ (from Nansen: "Farthest North", Brockhaus, 1897))\\
+"... // The sides of the ship were lined with tarred felt, then came a space with cork padding, next a deal panelling, then a thick layer of felt, next air-tight linoleum, and last of all an inner panelling. The ceiling of the saloon and cabins . . . gave a total thickness of  about 15 inches.  ...The skylight which was most exposed to the cold was protected by three panes of glass one within the other, and in various other ways. ... The Fram is a comfortable abode. Whether the thermometer stands at 22° above zero or at 22° below it, we have no fire in the stove.  The ventilation is excellent, especially since we rigged up the air sail, which sends a whole winter‘s cold in through the ventilator; yet in spite of this we sit here warm and comfortable, with only a lamp burning. I am thinking of having the stove removed altogether; it is only in the way.//"\\ (from Nansen: "Farthest North", Brockhaus, 1897)\\
 \\ \\ \\
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     * The lack of awareness regarding the importance of permanent [[Planning:Airtight construction|airtightness]]. Information about this was gained above all in Sweden. [[http://j.mp/Arne_Elmroth|Prof. Arne Elmroth]] is one of the leading pioneers in this field.
     * The lack of  good solutions for [[Planning:Thermal protection:Windows|high performance windows]] (Lovins: "We should have used a better thermal separation for the window frames.")  Due to this the windows  were often small or they had to be elaborately covered with temporary insulation.  These were the reasons why  this approach was not widely accepted.
     * The lack of reliability of the energy efficiency of the technology used. In many projects the effect was that of "technological christmas trees": complicated technology which either didn't function, or didn't function for long.
 It's also important to mention the developments and experiences of the pioneers in Switzerland (e.g. Conrad U. Brunner, Ruedi Kriesi and Josef Jenni) and in Austria (Helmut Krapmeier, Richard Caldonazzi, Sture Larsen, [[http://www.kiraly.at/|Josef Kiraly]] ).\\
 \\