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--- basics:summer [2020/08/03 14:41] – [Summer climate in the Passive House – an important issue] wfeist
+++ basics:summer [2020/08/05 16:18] – [Base case of a Passive House with tilted windows when required] wfeist
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 **Thermal building simulations** are used to determine the summer characteristics of Passive Houses built according to **different construction methods** and having a **different orientation** – taking account of the type and level of shading and ventilation. The first systematic investigation was carried out in the "Passive House Summer Climate Study" which was completed in 1998 ([[basics:Summer#Literature|[Feist 1998a] ]]). The study was the result of the joint research project carried out on behalf of G&H Ladenburg, ISORAST GmbH Taunusstein, Nordhessische Kalksandsteinwerke GmbH&Co; Rasch&Partner GmbH Darmstadt; Schwenk Dämmtechnik GmbH Landsberg and VEGLA GmbH Aachen.  We should explicitly like to thank the initiators at this point. Since then, the findings have also been confirmed in practice in **numerous realised Passive Houses**.  A metrological concomitant study, in which the focal point was on the summer situation, was published in [[basics:Summer#Literature|[Peper/Feist 2002] ]].
-In this paper some parts of the study are summarised and substantiated based on existing measurement results.  An earlier version of this article was published in 1999 in the Protocol Volume of the Working Group for Cost-efficient Passive Houses  Volume 15 ([[basics:Summer#Literature|[Feist 1999] ]]). A procedure was developed in this working group with which the results for the summer case could be determined more easily.   This PHI Summer Case procedure has been documented in the Protocol Volume.  Since 2000 the procedure has been  included  in the form of spreadsheet formulae** in the PHPP** (Passive House Planning Package) [[basics:Summer#Literature|[PHPP 2007] ]]. Each planner of a Passive House can determine the influences, as dealt with below, for his/her own building project by using this and thus achieve a comfortable summer climate by designing the building professionally.\\
+In this paper some parts of the study are summarised and substantiated based on existing measurement results.  An earlier version of this article was published in 1999 in the Protocol Volume of the Working Group for Cost-efficient Passive Houses  Volume 15 ([[basics:Summer#Literature|[Feist 1999] ]]). A procedure was developed in this working group with which the results for the summer case could be determined more easily.   This PHI Summer Case procedure has been documented in the Protocol Volume.  Since 2000 the procedure has been  included  in the form of [[:a_simplified_method_for_determining_thermal_comfort_in_summer_for_buildings_without_active_cooling|spreadsheet]] formulae** in the PHPP** (Passive House Planning Package) [[basics:Summer#Literature|[PHPP 2007] ]]. Each planner of a Passive House can determine the influences, as dealt with below, for his/her own building project by using this and thus achieve a comfortable summer climate by designing the building professionally.\\
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 > If temperatures in the house exceed 21 °C __and__ the external temperature is lower than the indoor temperature,\\ **in each room a window is placed in the "tilted" position**.  This is possible in the Darmstadt Kranichstein Passive House, where there is at least one window with a turn-and-tilt fitting in each habitable room.
-The tilted position of the window leads to considerably higher average air changes. //__**Fig. 7**__// shows that due to this, the temperatures in the house sink perceptibly to constantly comfortable levels during the summer.\\
+The tilted position of the window leads to considerably higher average air changes. //__**Fig. 7**__// shows that due to this, the temperatures in the house sink perceptibly to constantly comfortable levels during the summer. This is one of several reasons, why we always recommend to have at least one window in each room openable and also have a tool to keep it fixed at a specific level [[operation:operation_and_experience:user_behaviour|(e.g., a "tilted window")]]. \\
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