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--- basics:summer [2019/04/17 09:34] – [The influence of the window size and quality of glazing] cblagojevic
+++ basics:summer [2020/08/03 14:41] – [Summer climate in the Passive House – an important issue] wfeist
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ===== Summer climate in the Passive House – an important issue =====
-The question of low-energy buildings overheating in summer "due to their high level of insulation" is still one that is frequently raised in the public debate.((First of all, some general remarks concerning the laws of physics: **insulation does not "create" any additional heat**; it only reduces the heat exchange between systems with different temperatures.  Therefore, it also protects a cool system from gaining heat from the surroundings.  For this reason, cooling devices are thermally protected – a popular example is that of keeping chilled water cool in a (well-insulating) thermos flask.)) Practical experience with Passive Houses has clearly shown that these houses have a pleasant (cool) indoor climate even during excessively hot periods. However, this requires **professional planning**, made possible by reliable tools like the [[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package|PHPP]]. This article deals with the summer characteristics of Passive Houses in climates such as that in Central Europe – where residential buildings typically do not require active cooling.\\
+The question of low-energy buildings overheating in summer "due to their high level of insulation" is still one that is frequently raised in the public debate.((First of all, some general remarks concerning the laws of physics: **insulation does not "create" any additional heat**; it only reduces the heat exchange between systems with different temperatures.  Therefore, it also protects a cool system from gaining heat from the surroundings.  For this reason, cooling devices are thermally protected – a popular example is that of keeping chilled water cool in a (well-insulating) thermos flask.)) In this study we document research on a residential passive houses in climates, where a passive temperature control in summer is possible (as was up to the year 2003 the case in most parts of Central Europe). Practical experience with such passive summer performance of Passive Houses has clearly shown that these houses have a pleasant (cool) indoor climate even during excessively hot Central European periods. However, this requires **professional planning**, made possible by reliable tools like the [[planning:calculating_energy_efficiency:phpp_-_the_passive_house_planning_package|PHPP]]. The PHPP implemented a [[:a_simplified_method_for_determining_thermal_comfort_in_summer_for_buildings_without_active_cooling|passive cooling sheet]]. This article deals with the summer characteristics of Passive Houses in climates such as that in Central Europe – where residential buildings typically did not require active cooling so far. This may change with climate change, if the frequency of tropical nights will further increase.\\
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 |{{ :picopen:gemessene_sommertemperaturen.png?400 }}|
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 The analyses are based on plans of the inhabited Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein.  The plans of a mid-terrace house were reduced to a simpler basic model for the optimisation. The basic model is clear enough while reflecting the zoning of the house and allowing for the simple modification of the essential characteristics of the model. The model with seven zones has been described in detail ([[Basics:Summer#Literature|in [Feist 1993] ]]):\\
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-|{{:picopen:passive_house_da_section.png?400}}|**//zone -I\\ \\ zone 0\\ \\ zone I\\ \\ zone II\\ \\ zone III\\ \\ zone IV\\ \\ zone V\\ \\ zone VI\\ \\ zone VII//**|//ground temperature  1 metre below the floor slab\\ \\ outdoor air temperature\\ \\ basement\\ \\ ground floor (front): living area\\ \\ ground floor (rear): kitchen and entrance area\\ \\ upper floor (front): children’s bedroom\\ \\ upper floor (rear): bedroom\\ \\ attic: guest room/study\\ \\ centre: bathrooms and staircase//|
+|{{:picopen:section_with_zones.png?/480}}|**//zone -I\\ \\ zone 0\\ \\ zone I\\ \\ zone II\\ \\ zone III\\ \\ zone IV\\ \\ zone V\\ \\ zone VI\\ \\ zone VII//**|//ground temperature 1m below floor slab\\ \\ outdoor air temperature\\ \\ basement\\ \\ ground floor (front):living area\\ \\ ground floor (rear):kitchen &entrance area\\ \\ upper floor(front): children’s bedroom\\ \\ upper floor(rear): bedroom\\ \\ attic: guest room/study\\ \\ centre: bathrooms & staircase//|
 |//**__Fig. 2__:  cross-section of the Darmstadt Kranichstein Passive House including the individual zones.**//|||\\
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 The model parameters have been documented in detail in the study [[basics:Summer#Literature|[Feist 1998a] ]]; __//**Tab. 1**//__ gives an overview of some of the essential parameters for this base case.
-|{{ :picopen:phpp_daten_004.gif }}|
+|{{:picprivate:pb15_02_table_2a.png?/640 }}|
-|//**__Table 1:__ Parameters for the Darmstadt-Kranichstein Passive House (as built, simplified model)\\ during summer (mid-terrace house): U-values, ventilation, inernal sources**//|\\
+|//**__Table 1:__ Parameters for the Darmstadt-Kranichstein Passive House (as built, using data from the simplified model, but all zones summed up) during summer period (mid-terrace house): U-values, ventilation, inernal sources**//|\\
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 ==== Evaluation based on operative temperatures ====