basics:primary_energy_renewable
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+ | ====== Renewable primary energy demand in residential buildings with high energy intensity ====== | ||
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+ | Primary energy is the amount of energy that must be generated originally in order to meet the total energy demand of a building. The conventional Primary Energy (PE) concept takes into account the fossil fuel source of energy, while the concept of Primary Energy Renewable (PER) expresses the amount of renewable energy needed, including storage losses (see more [[basics: | ||
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+ | For residential buildings with small dwelling units (high density) such an exemption becomes more likely. | ||
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+ | As density increases, it may not be possible to achieve a demand below 60 kWh/m2a without improving the performance of the building components beyond the values that are usual for a Passive House Classic. In order to appropriately recognize the impact of density in the specific primary energy demand, a revised threshold for high density buildings is needed. This threshold can be calculated by setting specific targets per individual energy use which are based on the expected performance of Passive Houses. | ||
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+ | For example, for ventilation: | ||
+ | * The required air change for a residential building can be determined based on the [[phi_publications: | ||
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+ | With those two values, a limit for the final energy demand for ventilation of a given building can be set: | ||
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+ | * This value in turn can be multiplied by the [[basics: | ||
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+ | Figure 2 illustrates an example of this calculation for ventilation: | ||
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+ | In case of Domestic Hot Water, the process would be similar, with the energy demand being determined by the fixed value for Passive Houses (25l/ | ||
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+ | This process is carried out for every energy use in the building, so that: | ||
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+ | * The targets for cooling and heating demand are based on the limits for useful energy as set on the criteria. | ||
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+ | * The targets for ventilation, | ||
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+ | * Other targets such as electricity demand from the elevator, equipment, lighting, are based on project characteristics. | ||
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+ | Read more about the targets set per energy use and the verification of the calculation for the revised target [[basics: | ||
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+ | Once the targets for each end use are set, these can be added to obtain the total limit for the Primary Energy Renewable demand or the Primary Energy demand of a given project. Figure 4 shows the adjustment in the PER demand as the dwelling size decreases, for a location where the cooling demand is 15kWh/ | ||
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+ | This methodology to calculate an exemption to the criteria for the PE/PER demand has been implemented in a tool that can be linked to a PHPP (version 9.6 or newer) and can be used for residential projects. Projects seeking certification can use the original limits as set out in the Passive House criteria or the revised limit as calculated with the tool. The tool was released on September of 2019 for its implementation on a pilot phase. Projects seeking an exemption to the criteria for PE/PER demand must be reviewed by an [[https:// | ||
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+ | This article was developed in the framework of the “Project-specific PER” project. This project was administered by the Zero Emissions Building Exchange with funding from the City of Vancouver, Natural Resources Canada and the BC Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources. | ||
basics/primary_energy_renewable.txt · Last modified: 2020/05/24 21:24 by alang