basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade
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basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade [2014/07/21 10:00] – cweber | basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade [2024/04/18 22:30] – jgrovesmith | ||
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+ | ====== Passive House – the next decade ====== | ||
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+ | //This article is an based on the paper “Passive House - the next decade” presented at the 18th International Passive House Conference 2014 in Aachen. The original article is availabe in the conference proceedings [Feist 2014].// | ||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | ===== Efficiency Criteria ===== | ||
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+ | Major changes in the energy supply structure over the next few years will lead to constantly changing primary energy factors. For that reason alone, the frequently used nonrenewable primary energy demand will no longer be suitable for assessing buildings' | ||
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+ | In order to determine a new measurement of efficiency that will serve its purpose for a longer time, this investigation is based on the following: \\ | ||
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+ | 1. A complete transition to renewable energy supply is assumed (could occur by 2060). Buildings constructed or renovated today will use this supply structure for the majority of their lifecyles. \\ | ||
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+ | 2. The use of renewable energy sources that will be sustainably available for the long term – // | ||
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+ | 3. Differences between renewables and conventional energy systems include the following: \\ | ||
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+ | * The amount of renewable energy available at a given moment depends on meteorological conditions. Output fluctuates greatly and can even drop to almost zero. A renewable energy system must therefore include an adequate //energy storage structure// | ||
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+ | * Renewables have a low power density and therefore require larger areas to generate enough energy. //Space requirements// | ||
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+ | To solve the first issue in point 3 (production dependent on weather), a two-step storage concept is recommended: | ||
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+ | * A **short and mid-term grid storage structure** consisting of conventional storage devices throughout the grid with low conversion losses (2 to 35 percent) and more than 60 storage cycles per year. Some options include pumped storage plants, other mechanical storage systems, and batteries. The applications themselves also have storage capacities, like hot water tanks and heat capacity in buildings (a temperature difference of 1 K is considered acceptable and results in storage losses of about ten percent). A quick calculation shows that all of these systems are far from suitable for long-term storage (less than five cycles per year), even if costs drop significantly | ||
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+ | * **Seasonal / long-term storage.** Exergetic storage systems are not available because of high costs and low energy density. Instead, converting energy into easily stored fuels is a good solution – for example, water electrolysis and hydrogen production, potentially as intermediate storage (conversion utilisation rate of up to 63 percent), or conversion into synthetic methane (3 H< | ||
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+ | * The second issue in point 3 (low power density) results from the resources – in this case, the amount of space – that renewable structures require. These resource requirements are fundamentally different from those of fossil energy, where resource consumption is irreversible (hydrocarbon consumed) and product disposal leads to permanent pollution (CO< | ||
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+ | ===== Read more (subchapters) ===== | ||
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+ | [[basics: | ||
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+ | [[basics: | ||
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+ | [[basics: | ||
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+ | [[basics: | ||
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+ | ===== Consequences and outlook ===== | ||
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+ | Previous studies have shown that technology available today can be used in a highly efficient, completely renewable, and technically and economically reasonable regional energy supply, even in Central Europe. The transition will take a few years, since it must occur within the context of existing replacement and renovation cycles; otherwise, costs would be too high. \\ | ||
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+ | Parameter studies already conducted at various sites throughout Central Europe show that PER factors for the same applications differ only slightly. The differences are not much bigger for other sites in Europe (and even worldwide, except in the tropics). Based on the existing climate zone study ([[basics: | ||
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+ | Especially in light of a completely renewable energy supply in the future, the simulations run so far show that: \\ | ||
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+ | * optimizing the building envelope and ventilation system efficiency beforehand is helpful. The functional (comfort and economic) criteria for Passive House are a very good starting point for a completely renewable worldwide energy supply. Applications that fluctuate greatly from season to season, like heating (or cooling, in regions that get hot in the summer), require additional grid, conversion, and storage systems and a much faster increase in primary power generators, resulting in higher energy prices. The Passive House Standard can contribute to keeping costs and complexity reasonable. \\ | ||
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+ | * heat pump systems that run on electricity from the public grid have the highest overall efficiency, as long as useful heating demand remains in the Passive House range. \\ | ||
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+ | * summertime cooling is no longer an energy application that must be avoided at all costs. As long as useful cooling demand also remains in the Passive House range, cooling demand can be easily covered as part of a renewable energy concept, especially if PV systems are installed. \\ \\ | ||
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+ | ===== References ===== | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[AkkP 49]** Energieeffiziente Warmwassersysteme; | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[Feist 2014]** Feist, W.: " | ||
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+ | **[Feist 2014]** Feist, W.: " | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[Krick 2012]** Krick, B.: "Zur künftigen Bewertung des Energiebedarfs von Passivhäusern"; | ||
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+ | **[Nitsch 2012]** Nitsch, | ||
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+ | **[[http:// | ||
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+ | **[[planning: | ||
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+ | **[[basics: | ||
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+ | **[Vallentin 2011]** Vallentin, R.: " | ||
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+ | **[Welter 2012]** Welter, P. " | ||
+ | \\ | ||
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+ | ----- | ||
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+ | ====== See also ====== | ||
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+ | [[basics: | ||
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+ | [[phi_publications: | ||
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+ | [[http:// | ||
basics/passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply/passive_house_the_next_decade.txt · Last modified: 2024/04/18 22:30 by jgrovesmith