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--- basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade:determining_application-specific_per_factors [2016/07/08 14:41] – kdreimane
+++ basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade:determining_application-specific_per_factors [2024/04/18 22:29] (current) – jgrovesmith
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Determining application-specific PER factors ======
+====== Passive House – the next decade | Determining application-specific PER factors ======
+//This article is a chapter of the paper “Passive House - the next decade” by Wolfgang Feist. Click here to the [[basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade|beginning of the article on Passipedia]].//
+\\
 The findings show that the supply structure that needs to be built and its efficiency depend greatly on energy-consuming applications' load curves; it turns out that short fluctuations of a few days are less important((Author's note: Unlike what is frequently argued today, short-term storage is not the decisive issue here, since financially feasible technology is already available (pumped storage plants, etc.); it must "only" be expanded, and enough sites need to be found. The problem is, in fact, political, but it should be taken seriously, considering the prevailing attitude. Seasonal storage, which has also turned out to be essential (such storage has no location problems, since there is already sufficient storage used for natural gas), significantly increases costs for the applications that need it (heating, e.g.) because of high losses; this problem can also be solved (with improved efficiency).)), since medium-term grid storage (pumped storage, etc.) can generally balance them out. The situation is different when an application's demand has significant seasonal fluctuations, such as when heating drops to zero for several months at a time. Energy generated from primary power sources (wind turbines, etc.) then has nowhere to go – unless this excess power is sent to the P2G system and turned into methane. The requirement for complete supply is: \\
-PE<sub>prim</sub> = E<sub>dir</sub> + E<sub>MS</sub> / η<sub>MS</sub> + E<sub>SS</sub> / η<sub>SS</sub> + E<sub>PL</sub> \\
+<WRAP center 60%>
+$$PE_{prim} = E_{dir} + \dfrac{E_{MS}}{\eta_{MS}} + \dfrac{E_{SS}}{\eta_{SS}} + E_{PL} $$
+</WRAP>
+ \\
-whereby E<sub>dir</sub> is the electricity from renewable primary power generators that can be directly and immediately used by the building, E<sub>MS</sub> is electricity from short/mid-term storage, E<sub>SS</sub> is reconverted electricity from seasonal storage, E<sub>PL</sub> is power losses, and η<sub>MS</sub> and η<sub>SS</sub> are the respective overall seasonal efficiency rates. The PER factor can then be determined with \\
+Whereby E<sub>dir</sub> is the electricity from renewable primary power generators that can be directly and immediately used by the building, E<sub>MS</sub> is electricity from short/mid-term storage, E<sub>SS</sub> is reconverted electricity from seasonal storage, E<sub>PL</sub> is power losses, and η<sub>MS</sub> and η<sub>SS</sub> are the respective overall seasonal efficiency rates. The PER factor can then be determined with \\
-PER = (E<sub>dir</sub> + E<sub>MS</sub> / η<sub>MS</sub> + E<sub>SS</sub> / η<sub>SS</sub> + E<sub>PL</sub> ) / (E<sub>dir</sub> + E<sub>MS</sub> + E<sub>SS</sub> )
+<WRAP center 60%>
+$$PER = \dfrac{E_{dir} +\dfrac{E_{MS}}{\eta_{MS}} + \dfrac{E_{SS}}{\eta_{SS}} + E_{PL}}{E_{dir} + E_{MS} + E_{SS}}
+$$
+</WRAP>
+\\
 The results show that while PER factors determined with this equation are relatively stable compared to, say, changes in the primary power mix or the technology mix, they also depend //greatly on the individual energy application// and its demand profile. \\ \\
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 ==== Following section ====
-[[basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade:Initial comparisons based on the analysis]] \\ \\
+[[basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade:initial_comparisons_based_on_the_analysis]] \\ \\
+\\
+\\
+\\
+\\
+(read also in {{ :picprivate:determinacion_de_factores_per_para_aplicaciones_especificas.pdf |Spanish}}) {{:picopen:members_only.png?nolink&20|}}