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basics:energy_and_ecology:primary_energy_renewable_per [2024/04/19 11:57] – [Passive House Classes] jgrovesmithbasics:energy_and_ecology:primary_energy_renewable_per [2025/05/26 15:12] (current) – [What is Primary energy renewable?] yaling.hsiao@passiv.de
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 The above-mentioned assessment methods suggest this, but obviously, this is not the case. Renewable energy must be generated, delivered, and often stored. Renewable energy needs infrastructure and space which will become a decisive limiting factor. We want affordable renewable energy for all, and for all applications. For these reasons, energy use must be efficient: energy efficiency is the prerequisite for effective renewable energy supply. Bearing  in mind that a third of the total energy consumed in developed countries is required for operating buildings, we realise how important this sector is for the transition, and obviously the traditional assessment methods are not adequate for this future scenario.  The above-mentioned assessment methods suggest this, but obviously, this is not the case. Renewable energy must be generated, delivered, and often stored. Renewable energy needs infrastructure and space which will become a decisive limiting factor. We want affordable renewable energy for all, and for all applications. For these reasons, energy use must be efficient: energy efficiency is the prerequisite for effective renewable energy supply. Bearing  in mind that a third of the total energy consumed in developed countries is required for operating buildings, we realise how important this sector is for the transition, and obviously the traditional assessment methods are not adequate for this future scenario. 
  
-[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_1.png?800 |**Fig 1: Primary Energy Rating: From PE to PER**}}]+[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_1.png?600 |**Fig 1: Primary Energy Rating: From PE to PER**}}]
  
 ====Sustainable buildings for a sustainable future==== ====Sustainable buildings for a sustainable future====
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-====What is Primary energy renewable?====+==== What is Primary energy renewable? ====
  
-Renewable primary energy (PER) is the unit of energy generated from renewable resources, e.g. electricity produced by a photovoltaic system / wind turbine or heat generated with a solar thermal system. PER-factors reflect the primary renewable resources needed to cover the final energy demand of a building, including distribution and storage losses. In the case of a PER-factor of 1.5, a surplus of 50% renewable primary energy is needed to be able to meet the final energy demand at the building. The higher the PER-factor, the higher the required resources and therefore the more important the implementation of efficiency measures in order to avoid compensation from non-renewable sources. +Renewable primary energy (PER) is the unit of energy generated from renewable resources, e.g. electricity produced by a photovoltaic system / wind turbine or heat generated with a solar thermal system. PER-factors reflect the primary renewable resources needed to cover the final energy demand of a building, including distribution and storage losses. In the case of a PER-factor of 1.5, a surplus of 50% renewable primary energy is needed to be able to meet the final energy demand at the building. The higher the PER-factor, the higher the required resources and therefore the more important the implementation of efficiency measures in order to avoid compensation from non-renewable sources.
  
-With the PER system, the energy transition to 100 % primary energy supply from renewable resources is anticipated. The new assessment methodology does not promote the simple annual offset of on-site energy demand and energy production in the context of individual buildings. The achieved level of energy efficiency and renewable energy supply need to be assessed independently of one another. Direct offsetting disregards important aspects, such as energy losses due to storage and space availability for renewable energy production. +With the PER system, the energy transition to 100 % primary energy supply from renewable resources is anticipated. The new assessment methodology does not promote the simple annual offset of on-site energy demand and energy production in the context of individual buildings. The achieved level of energy efficiency and renewable energy supply need to be assessed independently of one another. Direct offsetting disregards important aspects, such as energy losses due to storage and space availability for renewable energy production.
  
-Within the PER system, the energy demand of buildings is analysed in an environment of a solely renewable energy supply network. Depending on the type of energy application, as well as on the locally available renewable energy resources, the amount of required storage varies, and thus the associated losses. Based on these interrelationships, weighting factors, the so-called PER factors are derived and used as indicator as to which energy applications are the most resource intensive.  +Within the PER system, the energy demand of buildings is analysed in an environment of a solely renewable energy supply network. Depending on the type of energy application, as well as on the locally available renewable energy resources, the amount of required storage varies, and thus the associated losses. Based on these interrelationships, weighting factors, the so-called PER factors are derived and used as indicator as to which energy applications are the most resource intensive. In this way, PER factors depend only on the location of the building, the application (e.g. heating, cooling or specific electricity), and the final energy carrier. They do not depend on the actual supply system. They are local physical parameters, such as climate data. In practice, they are automatically provided with the PHPP, in the same way the climate data sets are.
-In this way, PER factors depend only on the location of the building, the application (e.g. heating, cooling or specific electricity), and the final energy carrier. They do not depend on the actual supply system. They are local physical parameters, such as climate data. In practice, they are automatically provided with the PHPP, in the same way the climate data sets are.+
  
-[[certification:passive_house_categories:per|PER-factors for electricity use]]+[[:certification:passive_house_categories:per|PER-factors for electricity use]]
  
-[[basics:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade|Passive House – the next decade.]]+[[..:passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply:passive_house_the_next_decade|Passive House – the next decade.]]
  
-{{ :picopen:per_sustainable_energy_supply.pdf |PER - The assessment for a sustainable energy supply - 1 Page Information for download}}+[[basics:energy_and_ecology:primary_energy_renewable_per:AK56 PER system|AK56: Primary energy evaluation in a renewable energy supply: the PER system]] 
 + 
 +{{:picopen:per_sustainable_energy_supply.pdf|PER - The assessment for a sustainable energy supply - 1 Page Information for download}}
  
  
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 Therefore, the specific PER values for demand and generation cannot be balanced directly and remain as two distinct dimensions of the assessment. Therefore, the specific PER values for demand and generation cannot be balanced directly and remain as two distinct dimensions of the assessment.
  
-[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_5.png?800 |**Fig. 5: In both situation on the left and the right, the same useful (heated or cooled) space is provided. They differ in the in the space for the energy production, but in the same relation in the building footprint, so the specific PER generation will be similar. Assuming they have the same energy demands, their PER assessments will be the same.**}}]+[{{:picopen:per_landing_fig_5.png?600 |**Fig. 5: In both situation on the left and the right, the same useful (heated or cooled) space is provided. They differ in the in the space for the energy production, but in the same relation in the building footprint, so the specific PER generation will be similar. Assuming they have the same energy demands, their PER assessments will be the same.**}}]
  
  
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 It is essential to note that the functional definition of the Passive House standard remains unchanged and is the same for all three Passive House classes (relating to useful energy demand for heating and cooling, as well as airtightness and comfort criteria). For the three classes, thresholds for PER demand are defined as well as for PER generation. The demand includes all energy applications in a building i.e. the heating and cooling energy, as well as hot water, the complete electricity demand, and any auxiliary electricity to provide the energy services. The higher the achieved level of overall efficiency and of renewable energy generation, the higher the Passive House class according to the thresholds as listed in Table 1. This makes the Passive House an ideal blueprint for the NZEB standard.  It is essential to note that the functional definition of the Passive House standard remains unchanged and is the same for all three Passive House classes (relating to useful energy demand for heating and cooling, as well as airtightness and comfort criteria). For the three classes, thresholds for PER demand are defined as well as for PER generation. The demand includes all energy applications in a building i.e. the heating and cooling energy, as well as hot water, the complete electricity demand, and any auxiliary electricity to provide the energy services. The higher the achieved level of overall efficiency and of renewable energy generation, the higher the Passive House class according to the thresholds as listed in Table 1. This makes the Passive House an ideal blueprint for the NZEB standard. 
  
-[{{:picopen:per_landing_table_1.png?direct |**Table 1: Requirements for the Passive House classes with respect to the overall energy efficiency and renewable energy generation**}}]+[{{:picopen:per_landing_table_1.png?direct|**Table 1: Requirements for the Passive House classes with respect to the overall energy efficiency and renewable energy generation**}}] 
  
 Further articles on Passive House Classes:   Further articles on Passive House Classes:  
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 Grove-Smith, Jessica; Wolfgang Feist; Benjamin Krick: Balancing energy efficiency and renewable energies: An assessment concept for nearly zero-energy buildings. In: Bertoldi, P. JRC of European Commission (ed.): 9th International Conference Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings and Smart Communities, 2016. p. 894-902. [[https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/9th-international-conference-improving-energy-efficiency-commercial-buildings-and-smart-communities|Link to external article here]] Grove-Smith, Jessica; Wolfgang Feist; Benjamin Krick: Balancing energy efficiency and renewable energies: An assessment concept for nearly zero-energy buildings. In: Bertoldi, P. JRC of European Commission (ed.): 9th International Conference Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings and Smart Communities, 2016. p. 894-902. [[https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/9th-international-conference-improving-energy-efficiency-commercial-buildings-and-smart-communities|Link to external article here]]
 +
 +[[https://outphit.eu/media/filer_public/23/f8/23f86d16-7b27-4a26-950c-40e11c045bf8/d68_outphit_adequatenetzeroratingapproach.pdf|Adequate net zero rating approach chosen for case study projects]]. A report written in context of the [[https://outphit.eu/|outPHit]] project.
  
 [[https://blog.passivehouse-international.org/renewable-energy-future/|iPHA Blog Bronwyn Barry Our all-renewable energy future: Passive House Plus & Premium]] [[https://blog.passivehouse-international.org/renewable-energy-future/|iPHA Blog Bronwyn Barry Our all-renewable energy future: Passive House Plus & Premium]]
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-Read also in [[https://passipedia.de/grundlagen/energiewirtschaft_und_oekologie/erneuerbare_primaerenergie_per|German]], [[.:energia_primaria_renovable_per|Spanish]].+---- 
 + 
 +===== Read also ===== 
 + 
 +[[:planning:tools:outphit_pv_economy_evaluation|PV Economy Evaluation Tool ]] 
 + 
 +[[https://passipedia.de/grundlagen/energiewirtschaft_und_oekologie/erneuerbare_primaerenergie_per|German PER Page]] 
 + 
 +[[.:energia_primaria_renovable_per|Spanish PER page]]. 
 + 
 +[[phi_publications:nr.56_energy_efficiency_and_renewable_energy]] 
 + 
 +[[phi_publications:nr.56_energy_efficiency_and_renewable_energy_past_and_present]] 
 + 
 +[[phi_publications:nr.56_efficiency_standards_for_a_climate_neutral_building_stock]] 
 + 
  
  
basics/energy_and_ecology/primary_energy_renewable_per.1713520672.txt.gz · Last modified: by jgrovesmith